In 1799, Laplace derived the system of differential equations (now called Liouville-Euler) that fully describes motions rotation axis any celestial body. showed only gravitational forces and kinetic moments from other bodies influence one them. The involve three Euler angles specify a body's axis; they can be reduced to two for inclination time derivative declination axis. existence forced annu...

This Paper is about landing control of legged robot. Body stiffness and damping is used as landing strategy of a legged robot. First, we only used stiffness control method to control legged robot landing. Second control method,sliding mode controller and feedback linearization controller is applied to enhance position control performance. Through these control algorithm, body center of gravity ...

A frozen shoulder is a common cause of a painful and stiff shoulder. A web-based survey was conducted to obtain insight in the current preferences about the diagnosis and treatment of a frozen shoulder. A response rate of 54% was reached among shoulder specialized orthopaedic surgeons from the Netherlands and Belgium. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intra-articular corticosteroid inje...

background: . the aim of this study was to investigate of relationship of musculoskeletal symptoms with weight of backpack in tehran secondary school students. methods: this cross-sectional study was performed in the city of tehran in 2009. two hundred thirteen students partici­pated in study. nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used, asking about complaints of back, neck, and/or shoulders...

Abstract Background Understanding muscle and tendon anatomy is of tremendous importance to achieve optimal surgical execution results in transfers around the shoulder. The aim this study was introduce describe an additional distal slip teres major (TM). Methods Sixteen fresh-frozen cadaver shoulders were dissected with deltopectoral approach. ventral latissimus dorsi (LD) harvested, analyzed fo...

A 53-year-old woman presented with 10-year history of pain and limited range of motion in both shoulders. Radiographs of both shoulders showed severe shoulder osteoarthritis with glenoid bone defect. Very thin rotator cuff and superior migration of the humerus were also observed on computed tomography images. We performed bony increased-offset reverse total shoulder arthroplasty on her both sho...

BACKGROUND During 1978 and 1979, we initiated a prospective multicenter study to evaluate the results of nonoperative treatment of primary anterior shoulder dislocation. In the current report, we present the outcome after twenty-five years. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-five patients (257 shoulders) with an age of twelve to forty years who had a primary anterior shoulder dislocation were mana...