Excess fructose intake causes hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic insulin resistance in sedentary humans. Since exercise improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant patients, we hypothesized that it would also prevent fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effects of exercise on circulating lipids in healthy subjects fed a weight-maintenance,...

OBJECTIVE Studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between maternal fructose intake and metabolic outcome in their offspring. However, there is a paucity of data about the long-term effects of fructose intake on the offspring of fructose-fed dams. Therefore, we planned a study to evaluate the long-term effects of fructose intake on the offspring of dam rats fed a high-fructose diet....

Previous work has demonstrated that human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue both express the GLUT5 fructose transporter, but to date the issue of whether this protein is also expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of rodents has remained unresolved. In the present study we have used a combination of biochemical and molecular approaches to ascertain whether rat skeletal muscle expresse...

Sucrose is more lipogenic than starch, and the extreme ingestion of sucrose induces adiposity and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaf extract (ELE) on adiposity due to dietary sucrose in rats. In addition, in this study, the effect of ELE on intestinal fructose absorption was also examined. Rats were fed a high-sucrose diet (75 %...

Metabolic disturbances to the liver system can induce lipid deposition and subsequently cause non-alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD). Increasing consumption of fructose has been proposed as a crucial risk component in development NAFLD. Three potential therapeutic targets network were explored using composite model function. Introducing enriched diet under insulin resistance conditions was simulat...

Chronic consumption of a Western-type diet, containing both elevated sugar and fat, results in leptin resistance. We hypothesised that fructose, as part of the sugar component of Western-type diets, is one causative ingredient in the development of leptin resistance and that removal of this component will prevent leptin resistance despite high fat (HF) content. We fed rats a sugar-free (SF), 30...

There are fundamental differences between the metabolic fate of fructose and of glucose. Whereas the metabolism of glucose is controlled by hormones such as insulin, fructose uptake and phosphorylation in the liver occurs independently of hormones and its ultimate metabolic fate is unpredictable. Essential fructosuria, a harmless inherited anomaly of fructose metabolism, is the least harmful of...

Evidence indicates that many forms of fructose-induced metabolic disturbance are associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are prominent targets of oxidative damage; however, it is not clear whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and/or its lack of repair are events involved in metabolic disease resulting from a fructose-rich diet. In the present study, we e...

Although there are many well-documented metabolic effects linked to the fructose component of a very high sugar diet, a healthy diet is also likely to contain appreciable fructose, even if confined to that found in fruits and vegetables. These normal levels of fructose are metabolized in specialized pathways that synergize with glucose at several metabolic steps. Glucose potentiates fructose ab...

We recently showed that T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg), which are immune suppressors of inflammatory responses, play a role blunting the development of hypertension-induced injury. Treg are unchanged or decreased in children with metabolic syndrome, and therefore, their role in metabolic syndrome remains unclear. We hypothesized that Treg number or function would be depressed in a high-fructos...