abstract: a continuously variable transmission (cvt) is a transmission which may change step less by way of an infinite variety of effective gear ratios between maximum and minimum values. this contrasts with different mechanical transmissions that solely permit just a few different distinct gear ratios to be selected. continuously variable transmissions (cvts) are mechanical devices that allow...

hydrogen is seen as one of the important energy carriers of the future with potential to reduce local as well as global warming. the main by-product of the combustion of hydrogen in air is water vapor and trace quantities of oxides of nitrogen. an experiment was conducted to study the impact of hydrogen/natural gas blends on performance, thermodynamic efficiency and exhaust gas emissions in a r...

The fuel selection of muscle fibres at rest is dependent on substrate availability. Increased lipid availability results in an increase citrate concentration with inhibition of glycolysis. Fat utilization also increases the concentration ratio acetyl-CoA:CoASH, with inhibition of PDH transformation to the active form. The result is an inhibition of carbohydrate utilization in conformity with th...

The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) model is explored for high level decision making for Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). The type of UAV modeled is a flying munition with a limited fuel supply. The UAV is destroyed when it strikes a target. When a UAV detects a target, a decision has to be made whether to continue to search for a better target or strike the current target imm...

Planning the transition period for the adoption of alternative fuel-technology powertrains is a challenging task that requires sophisticated analysis tools. In this study, a system dynamic approach was applied to analyze the bi-directional interaction between the development of the refueling station network and vehicle sales. Besides, the developed model was used to estimate the transition cost...

This paper describes active control of an aftertreatment system for a spark ignition engine equipped with a three-way catalyst and preand post-catalyst oxygen sensors. The control objective is to maximize the simultaneous conversion efficiencies of oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons. Linear exhaust gas oxygen sensors are used to measure preand post-catalyst air-fuel ratio. A series co...

The effect of fuel to oxidiser ratio on the thrust performance of a novel CubeSat propulsion system is presented in this paper. This propulsion system uses aluminium wool as fuel and a mixture of water and sodium hydroxide as oxidiser. The goal of the experiment is to determine the effect of fuel to oxidiser ratio on the thrust profile of the device, as measured with a pendulum type thrust bala...

Previous reports indicated that inhalation of JP-8 aviation turbine fuel is immunosuppressive. However, in some of those studies, the exposure concentrations were underestimated, and percent of test article as vapor or aerosol was not determined. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the observed effects are attributable to the base hydrocarbon fuel (jet fuel kerosene) or to the various fuel addit...

We describe the development of a model system for the prediction over the full range in fire behaviour in exotic pine plantation fuel types in relation to environmental conditions. The proposed system integrates a series of sub-models describing surface fire characteristics and crowning potential properties (e.g., onset of crowning, type of crown fire and associated rate of spread). The main in...

The 250 kW TRIGA Mark II research reactor, Vienna, operates since 7 March 1962. The initial criticality was achieved with the first core loading of 57 fuel elements (FE) of same type (Aluminium clad fuel with 20% enrichment). Later on due to fuel consumption SST clad 20% enriched FE (s) have been added to compensate the reactor core burn-up. In 1975 high enriched (HEU) TRIGA fuel (FLIP fuel = F...