Abstract The multifractal description of complex phenomena has been introduced in the first half 1980s for characterization anomalous scaling fully developed turbulence and structure chaotic attractors. From a technical point view, idea is basically contained large deviations theory; however, introduction had an important role statistical physics, chaos, disordered systems. In particular, to cl...

in this paper, an approximate axisymmetric method is developed which can reliably calculate fully viscous hypersonic flow over blunt-nosed bodies. in this method, a maslen’s second-order pressure expression is used instead of the normal momentum equation. the combination of maslen’s second-order pressure expression and viscous shock layer equations is developed to accurately and efficiently com...

the present work is an experimental study of steady state convective heat transfer of de-ionized water with a (0.04% by volume) volume fraction of al2o3 nanoparticles dispersed to form a nanofluid that flows through an aluminium tube.laminar fully developed flow heat transfer coefficient of al2o3 nanoparticles are dispersed in water in circular tube is discussed in this paper. in order to valid...