Unshelled walnuts were artificially infested with diapausing fifth ins tar codling moth, Cvdia nomonella (L.), larvae and fumigated with 56 g/m3 methyl bromide for 4 h at 15.6°C under a reduced pressure of 100 mm Hg. When 34,959 were treated, one larva survived, indicating a survival rate of 2.91 larvae per 100~000 treated. The upper 95% CL for this survival rate was 13.8 larvae per 100,000 tre...

In a wheat flour mill, seasonal trends in stored-product insect trap capture, relationships between trap captures inside and outside the mill, and between pheromone trap capture and product infestation, and the impact of fumigation on pest populations, were assessed. Mark-recapture was used to evaluate the potential for movement of insects outside the mill into the mill. For Plodia interpunctel...

Rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities were evaluated on roots and leaves of growth chamber-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa (L.) cv. Green Forest) plants by culture-dependent and -independent methods after soil fumigation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with 16S rRNA primers followed by cloning and sequencing was used to identify major rRNA bands from the rhizosphere a...

An experiment was conducted to determine population changes and niche variation in the soil at two depths (0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm) of Paratrichodorus minor and Belonolaimus longicaudatus populations following fumigation. Eight plots each of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), fumigated with 1, 3-dichloropropene or nonfumigated, were established. Eight p...

The postharvest control of arthropod pests is a challenge that the California citrus industry must overcome when exporting fruit overseas. Currently, methyl bromide fumigation is used to control postharvest pests on exported citrus, but it may soon be unavailable because of use restrictions and cost of this health-hazard ozone-depleting chemical. Ethyl formate is a natural plant volatile and po...

Essential oils from the leaves of two species of the genus Ocotea that occur in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acaricidal activity of these oils as well as 11 selected components and blends were evaluated in fumigation and residual contact tests against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Sixty...

Z. Naturforsch. 43c, 269-274 (1988); received December 7, 1987 Chlorophyll Fluorescence, S02 , Spinach, Intact Leaves, Calvin Cycle The effects of short-time fumigation (0-60 min) of intact spinach leaves with S02 (2 ppm) on the photosynthetic apparatus were investigated. A rather high S02 concentration was applied to monitor immediate effects on the fluorescence behaviour with the influence of...

The interactions between the assimilation and transport of nitrogen and carbon were investigated in barley and spinach leaves. Both plants were fumigated with NH3 (1 mg m ) and the content of amino acids, sucrose and carbon intermediates of amino acid metabolism were analysed in the leaves, apoplast and phloem sap. The following changes took place in the Cand N-metabolism of barley leaves durin...

Several postharvest diseases of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) occur during storage, and gray mold rot is a particularly severe disease because the causal agent, Botrytis cinerea, grows at temperatures as low as 0℃. Other postharvest diseases, such as those caused by Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp., also often lead to deterioration in the quality of table grapes after harvest. The use of p...

Microbial quality of air in a dairy processing plant was evaluated to ascertain the contribution of air as a source of contamination and spoilage of milk and milk products. The mean total aerobic counts obtained in the air by sedimentation method were 32.66 ± 3.82, 25.32 ± 4.17 and 33.36 ± 3.53 cfu/ m in raw milk reception dock, pasteurization room and product preparation room respectively. The...