BACKGROUND Capsular contracture remains a common and dreaded complication of breast augmentation. The etiology of capsular contracture is believed to be multi-factorial, and its causes may include biofilm formation due to implant/pocket contamination with skin flora. It has been shown that insertion funnel use reduces skin contact and potential contamination by 27-fold in a cadaver model. After...

In 1957, from this unit, the late E. F. Chin published a paper on 'Surgery of funnel chest and congenital sternal prominence'. He gave details concerning the aetiology and symptomatology of the condition. The paper was based on his work and experience of 54 cases. Because of Chin's particular interest in these conditions, many more patients have been referred to us and have been operated on her...

In order to enlarge the scope of the calorimetric method for the determination of creatinine and creatine it is, I think, necessary to replace the bichromate standard with standard creatinine solutions, and in the next two papers will be described various adaptations of the method based on this principle. In connection with this work I have again gone over the subject of the preparation of crea...

BACKGROUND Public health surveillance is often concerned with the analysis of health outcomes over small areas. Funnel plots have been proposed as a useful tool for assessing and visualizing surveillance data, but their full utility has not been appreciated (for example, in the incorporation and interpretation of risk factors). METHODS We investigate a way to simultaneously focus funnel plot ...

Funnel plots are a visual tool for investigating publication and other bias in meta-analysis. They are simple scatterplots of the treatment effects estimated from individual studies (horizontal axis) against a measure of study size (vertical axis). The name “funnel plot” is based on the precision in the estimation of the underlying treatment effect increasing as the sample size of component stu...

In a field emission display panel, an insulator funnel, which is called Hop funnel, has been used to separate the cathode and the anode. Secondary electrons generated on top of the insulating surface due to the primary electron bombardment are drawn to the exit hole of the funnel by the electric field. Therefore, the energy distribution of these secondary electrons influences the quality of the...

When infants with recurrent wheezing have a clinical course inconsistent with a common diagnosis, anatomic malformations should be considered in diagnostic workup, followed by medical stabilization and early therapy. A careful history and physical examination could reveal important diagnostic clues that indicate the need to perform a fiberoptic bronchoscopy, which in the reported case showed tr...