A facile synthetic approach to the π-expanded tetrathiafulvalene derivatives is described. The Suzuki reaction of 3,6-dichloropyridazine-fused tetrathiafulvalenes with phenyl boronic acid or biphenyl boronic acid gave a series of novel T-shaped organic π-conjugates. The electronic properties of the conjugates were studied experimentally by the combination of cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectr...

Fused biconic taper (FBT) couplers are essential elements in any fibre-optic communications network. We describe two prototype manufacturing process that produces low-loss fibre tapers and fused FBT coupler devices using CO2 lasers as the heat source instead of a flame, as is the norm in modern manufacturing methods. The methods could potentially be exploited to increase the degree of automatio...

Dental anomalies are clinically evident abnormalities which can cause vari¬ous dental problems, which may complicate orthodontic treatment planning. Clinical & radiological inspection play crucial role in identification of various anomalies. This study was carried over the period of 2 years to determine the pattern and distribution of various morphological dental anomalies among orthodontic pat...

Anomaly in the number of teeth may manifest as a supernumerary tooth. Occurrence of a supernumerary tooth in the mandibular incisor region is uncommon. This report presents a rare case of five mandibular permanent incisors in a nine year old non-syndrome healthy male child. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the presence of a supplemental (type of supernumerary) permanent incisor in...

In order to reconstruct environments associated with Plio-Pleistocene hominins in southern Africa, researchers frequently rely upon the animals associated with the hominins, in particular, animals in the Family Bovidae. Bovids in southern Africa are typically identified by their teeth. However, identifying the taxon of a bovid tooth is challenging due to various biasing factors. Furthermore, in...

Taurodontism is the morphoanatomical change in the shape of a tooth, which involves enlargement of the body of the tooth and shortening of the roots. Although a rare dental anomaly, unusual radicular form presents with challenging endodontic considerations. Endodontic management of taurodont teeth has been described as complex and difficult. The present article describes a brief literature revi...

Supernumerary teeth are the teeth present in addition to the normal set of teeth. They may be single, multiple, unilateral or bilateral, erupted or unerupted and in one or both jaws. Multiple supernumerary teeth are rare in individuals with no other associated diseases or syndromes. Our case presents with four supernumerary premolars, asymptomatic, of which one was erupted and three were unerup...

The finding of conjoined teeth has long been recognized: with widespread disagreement over the most appropriate descriptive term for this anomaly. Recently, Yuen et a12 contended that when the etiology was not established, the term “double tooth was more appropriate than terms such as fusion and gemination. The anomaly has been reported to occur more frequently in the primary than in the perman...

The purposes of this study was to investigate the prevalence of primary double (fused/geminated) teeth in a group of Turkish children and to compare the distribution of different types of double primary teeth and their relationship to permanent successors. 4619 dental records of Turkish children in the age range of 2 to 12 years were examined in the dental faculty hospital, Erciyes University T...