the aim of this study was to detect the genotype of fasciola spp. in meshkin-shahr, ardabil province, northwestern iran in different hosts using pcr-rflp.the parasite hosts included cattle, and sheep. overall, 70 adult flukes from livers of slaughtered animals were collected from the abattoirs of aforementioned area. the included 35 samples from infected sheep and 35 samples from 35 infected ca...

BACKGROUND CYP2B6 is a highly variable and polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme involved in the biotransformation of an increasing number of drugs, including cyclophosphamide, bupropion, and the nonnucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz. Several nonsynonymous and promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP2B6 gene are associated with altered hepatic expression ...

Varietal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the differences within one of the two subgenomes between different tetraploid cotton varieties and have not been practically used in cotton genetics and breeding because they are difficult to identify due to low genetic diversity and very high sequence identity between homeologous genes in cotton. We have used transcriptome and restriction sit...

We observed apparent non-Mendelian behaviour of alleles when genotyping a region in a CpG island at the 5' end of the maternally imprinted human MEST isoform. This region contains three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in total linkage disequilibrium, such that only two haplotypes occur in the human population. Only one haplotype was detectable in each subject, never both, despite the use...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease, an economically important disease in ruminants worldwide. It was first isolated in Egypt in 2005. Since then, the pathogen has been detected in different Egyptian provinces. In order to trace the source of infection, genotyping using simple methods of high discriminatory power such as mycobacterial inte...

Bligon goat is one of the crossbred goats raised in Indonesia, which has a prolific nature, potentially increasing economic benefits. The gene that particularly influences traits Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9). This study aims to identify mutation analysis (SNPs and amino acid changes) restriction enzymes map GDF9 goats. Six pairs primers were used amplify target sequences by polymerase...

The G-308A polymorphism of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene, a variant that influences TNF-alpha transcription, may contribute to non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. To evaluate whether TNF-alpha genotyping may assist in identifying a subset of patients who could potentially benefit from immunomodulatory therapy, we assessed the relationship between the G-308A polymorphism of...

background: myasthenia gravis (mg) is the most common disorder of neuromuscular junction in which autoantibodies develop against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for unknown reasons. the association of immunomodulator genes with different autoimmune disease has been studied in recent years. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate correlation between a genetic variation in stromal ce...