The mechanisms by which the gain of the neuronal input-output function may be modulated have been the subject of much investigation. However, little is known of the role of dendrites in neuronal gain control. New optogenetic experimental paradigms based on spatial profiles or patterns of light stimulation offer the prospect of elucidating many aspects of single cell function, including the role...

This paper proposes new criteria for stability and performance of nonlinear interconnected systems by smoothly generalizing a recently-developed method of the state-dependent scaling. The criteria are directly related to Lyapunov functions so that they show how to construct Lyapunov functions which establish desired stability and performance explicitly. A set of popular Lyapunov stability crite...

Gain modulation is a nonlinear way in which neurons combine information from two (or more) sources, which may be of sensory, motor, or cognitive origin. Gain modulation is revealed when one input, the modulatory one, affects the gain or the sensitivity of the neuron to the other input, without modifying its selectivity or receptive field properties. This type of modulatory interaction is import...

Evaluation metrics are an essential part of a ranking system, and in the past many evaluation metrics have been proposed in information retrieval and Web search. Discounted Cumulated Gains (DCG) has emerged as one of the evaluation metrics widely adopted for evaluating the performance of ranking functions used in Web search. However, the two sets of parameters, gain values and discount factors,...

We consider the robust stability of a rational expectations equilibrium, which we define as stability under discounted (constant gain) least-squares learning, for a range of gain parameters. We find that for operational forms of policy rules, ie rules that do not depend on contemporaneous values of endogenous aggregate variables, many interest-rate rules do not exhibit robust stability. We cons...

Specialty poultry production is growing, including free-range, organic, and small flocks; however, feed cost is high. Choice feeding, using a high-protein feed with mineral/vitamin supplements provided separately from a grain feed, may allow birds raised in relatively open housing with largely uncontrolled environmental conditions to more precisely meet their nutritional requirements by self-se...

One growth and two finishing trials were conducted with beef steers to compare lasalocid sodium and monensin sodium. Pure lasalocid, mycelia-cake lasalocid and monensin, each added individually to commercial protein supplement blocks at 880 mg/kg, depressed (P<.05) block intake so that approximately 100 mg of each additive were consumed daily by each animal. Daily gain, feed intake and feed eff...

Big data analysis has become much popular in the present day scenario and the manipulation of big data has gained the keen attention of researchers in the field of data analytics. Analysis of big data is currently considered as an integral part of many computational and statistical departments. As a result, novel approaches in data analysis are evolving on a daily basis. Thousands of transactio...

Feed ingredient costs have been a concern to the U.S. broiler industry. Some integrated operations have reduced apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn ) values to decrease live production costs. Our laboratory has previously determined that 36 to 47 d feed conversion and caloric conversion were optimized with broilers fed diets formulated at 3,200 kcal/ kg. Finishing broilers may respond to diets ...