Gale and his group have shown that (1) staphylococci grown "deficient" in glutamic acid can concentrate the free amino acid inside the cells, provided a source of eneigy is present (Gale, 1947; Taylor, 1947); (2) penicillin, in growthinhibitory amounts, prevents the uptake of glutamic acid by staphylococci if the organisms are first grown for a short period in the presence of the antibiotic (Ga...

We show that every complete intersection defined by Laurent polynomials in an algebraic torus is isomorphic to a complete intersection defined by master functions in the complement of a hyperplane arrangement, and vice versa. We call systems defining such isomorphic schemes Gale dual systems because the exponents of the monomials in the polynomials annihilate the weights of the master functions...

Introduction: Instruments and cameras on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover give ground truth information on chemistry, terrain, and atmospheric characteristics of the rover's traverse to Mount Sharp in the center of Gale crater. Analysis of this unique and robust data set allows for a thought experiment to determine the ability of a future robotics-assisted human mission to survive ...

Confusion network decoding has been the most successful approach in combining outputs from multiple machine translation (MT) systems in the recent DARPA GALE and NIST Open MT evaluations. Due to the varying word order between outputs from different MT systems, the hypothesis alignment presents the biggest challenge in confusion network decoding. This paper describes an incremental alignment met...