In recent years, calls for carbon taxes as a policy tool to combat global warming have kept a discussion of the price and income elasticities of gasoline demand alive. To date, gasoline demand elasticity estimates are almost exclusively based on aggregate data that are subject to aggregation problems and make distributional concerns impossible to address. By using Ž . household-level data from ...

As a result of the content of benzene in various streams of refinery products, including gasoline, it is not surprising that over the years studies and case reports have linked gasoline exposure to lymphopoietic cancers (LPC), particularly leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM). Of three recently conducted studies of gasoline-exposed workers, one shows strong associations with leukemia and MM, a se...

EPA’s charge from the NEPD included exploring ways to increase the flexibility in the distribution infrastructure, improve fungibility, and provide added gasoline market liquidity. In addition to looking at distribution system impacts, EPA analyzed how the various options could affect the overall supply of gasoline from refineries in the U.S. (i.e., gasoline production capacity). Analyzing the ...

Our objective in this study was to assess the effect of using two kinds of lead-free gasoline [including 92-lead-free gasoline (92-LFG) and 95-lead-free gasoline (95-LFG), rated according to their octane levels] to replace the use of premium leaded gasoline (PLG) on the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their corresponding benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP(eq)) amounts from ...

Fire and explosion accidents often occur in storage tanks leading to great economic loss and serious casualties during the working, operation and maintenance. This paper established a reduced-scale storage tank experimental system, and then the explosion characteristics of gasoline-air mixture in storage tank were studied. The experimental results show that several parameters (such as concentra...

The phaseout of leaded gasoline would be a significant step forward in the reduction of a major source of exposure; however, this undertaking , even if successful, will have limited public health impact if other sources of exposure are not substantially reduced. For instance, in Mexico City, after the introduction of unleaded gasoline in 1990, lead concentrations in air declined from 1.2 pg/m3 ...

The driving behavior, road, and traffic conditions greatly affect the gasoline consumption of an automobile. We believe that accurate prediction of gasoline usage as a function of the above can be used to obtain optimal driving behavior, for given road and traffic conditions, to reduce gasoline consumption. This results in great dollar savings and also reduces the harmful effects of gasoline us...

Paparan bensin sering dikaitkan dengan efek buruk pada tubuh termasuk kerusakaan hepar. Salah satu pekerja yang memiliki risiko tinggi terpapar secara inhalasi adalah Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU). Kerusakan hepar dapat diketahui pemeriksaan fungsi salah satunya enzim hepar, yaitu ALT dan AST. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh paparan terhadap kadar AST SPBU. Metode penel...

The invention of the spark-ignited internal combustion engine provided a market for a petroleum middle distillate, gasoline, about 100 years ago. The internal combustion engine and gasoline have co-evolved until motor vehicles now annually consume about 110 billion gallons of gasoline in the United States. Continuing air pollution problems and resulting regulatory pressures are driving the need...

This paper proposes a method of distinguishing between the effect of anticipated and unanticipated changes in oil prices and oil inventories on the US gasoline prices. I show that gasoline price adjustments are faster and stronger for anticipated changes in oil prices and inventory levels than for unanticipated changes. The dynamics of the gasoline price response depends on the relative importa...