Gender-based violence (GBV) is widespread globally and has myriad adverse health effects but is vastly underreported. Few studies address the extent of reporting bias in existing estimates. We provide bounds for underestimation of reporting of GBV to formal and informal sources conditional on having experiencedGBVand characterize differences between women who report and those who do not. We ana...

Using a multiplexed LNA-based Taqman assay, RT-digital PCR (RT-dPCR) was performed in a prefabricated microfluidic device that monitored absolute viral load in native and immortalized cell lines, overall precision of detection, and the absolute detection limit of an occult RNA virus GB Virus Type C (GBV-C). RT-dPCR had on average a 10% lower overall coefficient of variation (CV, a measurement o...

OBJECTIVES GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), collectively known as GBV-C, has been reported to be associated with non-A-E hepatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of infection and genotypic characteristics of GBV-C among Kuwaiti and Jordanian blood donors. METHODS A total of 334 plasma/serum samples from healthy blood donors in Kuwait (n = 130) and Jordan (n = 204) w...

INTRODUCTION Women living with HIV are vulnerable to gender-based violence (GBV) before and after diagnosis, in multiple settings. This study's aim was to explore how GBV is experienced by women living with HIV, how this affects women's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and human rights (HR), and the implications for policymakers. METHODS A community-based, participatory, user-led, mixed-m...

The prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C) in candidate Brazilian blood donors with normal and elevated alanine aminotransferase levels was found to be 5.2% (5 of 95) and 6.5% (5 of 76), respectively. Among Brazilian patients, GBV-C was found in 9.5% (13 of 137) of cases of hepatitis not caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV, HCV, HDV, or HEV (non-A-E hepatitis) and in 18.2% (8 of 44) of individuals...

This study was designed to assess the effect of GB virus (GBV)-C on the immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in chronically HIV-infected and HIV- hepatitis C virus (HCV)-co-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. A cohort of 159 HIV-seropositive patients, of whom 52 were HCV-co-infected, was included. Epidemiological data were collected and virological and immunolo...

BACKGROUND Vasculitides are diseases of unknown origin in the majority of cases, but sometimes are the consequence of viral infections; for instance, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cryoglobulinaemia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of hepatitis G or GB virus C (GBV-C) in various forms of medium- and small-vessel vasculitides....

Tamarins (Saguinus species) infected by GB virus B (GBV-B) have recently been proposed as an acceptable surrogate model for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The availability of infectious genomic molecular clones of both viruses will permit chimeric constructs to be tested for viability in animals. Studies in cells with parental and chimeric constructs would also be very useful for both basic...

The role of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) in adult and pediatric liver disease is unclear. We detected serum GBV-C/HGV RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 1 (3%) of 38 cholestatic infants, in 4 (4%) of 95 children without liver disease, and in none of 30 children with autoimmune hepatitis. One cholestatic infant had antibodies, presumably maternal, to GBV-C/HGV....

GB virus type C (GBV-C) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus classified in the Flaviviridae family. Persistent coinfection with GBV-C is associated with lower human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) load, higher CD4(+) T-cell count, and prolonged survival in HIV-1 coinfected patients. The GBV-C envelope glycoprotein E2 has been reported to interfere with HIV-1 entry. In this study,...