The biological tissue has been mimicked and replaced by other materials, which have shown certain radiological similarity determined by attenuation coefficient (μ), density and atomic number. Specifically, in molecular imaging and radiation therapy have been developed multifunctional radiopharmaceuticals which contain beta/gamma and/or light emitters to chronic degenerative diseases treatment. ...

Introduction: Transfusion of irradiated blood is recommended by the guidelines for cardiosurgery, cancer surgery, severe trauma and congenital immune deficient recipients. To prevent post- transfusion graft-versus-host disease (PT-GVHD), blood cells may be irradiated by gamma rays. The absorbed dose range for blood irradiation is typically 15 to 50 Gy. As the assurance that blo...