In common bean, the B4 disease resistance gene cluster is a complex cluster localized at the end of linkage group (LG) B4, containing at least three R specificities to the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. To investigate the evolution of this R cluster since the divergence of Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools, DNA sequences were characterized from two representative genotypes of the two ma...

Background: Sickle cell anemia is relatively common in Khuzestan province located in Southwest Iran. The characteristics of sickle cell disease in Iran are apparently different from other regions some of these characteristics might be related to β-chain haplotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of β-chain haplotypes in 50 patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia in...

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is the most frequent familial lipoprotein disorder associated with premature coronary heart disease. However, no genetic defect(s) underlying FCHL has been identified. A linkage between FCHL and the apoA-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster has been reported but not verified in other populations. A recent study identified FCHL susceptibility haplotypes at this gene ...

the pathogenesis of bipolar i disorder (bp-i) involves immune-mediated mechanisms, especially an imbalance in pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. interleukin-1 (il-1) gene cluster, coding some of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, might play a role in various neuropathologies related to neuron inflammation. the aim of the present study was to investigat...

background: the haplotype phasing is more useful than genotyping markers independently at carrier detection and prena­tal diagnosis of diseases. the pah gene region contains several markers used in detection of pku disease. in the present study, the efficiency of bgl ii- ecor i-vntr haplotype phasing in iranian family trios was investigated. then, this informa­tion was compared with those obtai...

BACKGROUND Haplotype analysis of closely associated markers has proven to be a powerful tool in kinship analysis, especially when short tandem repeats (STR) fail to resolve uncertainty in relationship analysis. STR located on the X chromosome show stronger linkage disequilibrium compared with autosomal STR. So, it is necessary to estimate the haplotype frequencies directly from population studi...

Variants within the gene cluster encoding α3, α5, and β4 nicotinic receptor subunits are major risk factors for substance dependence. The strongest impact on risk is associated with variation in the CHRNA5 gene, where at least two mechanisms are at work: amino acid variation and altered mRNA expression levels. The risk allele of the non-synonymous variant (rs16969968; D398N) primarily occurs on...

A new genetic variation and potential haplotype of Bactericera cockerelli was identified based on the analysis mitochondrial region Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I two populations from greenhouses in Villa Unión, Durango Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. found base 247 a 500 bp amplified mtCOI gene, this change implies substitution an adenine (A) to Guanine (G), mutation detected insects collect their p...

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disorder, with ambiguous pathogenesis. Genetic and environmental factors were proved to be correlated with SSc aetiology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes can alter the structure and function of the cytokines and consequently may increase the susceptibility to a specific disease. In this study, we investigated SNPs of the...

BACKGROUND The human CYP3A gene cluster codes for cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamily enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of various exogenous and endogenous chemicals and is an obvious candidate for evolutionary and environmental genomic study. Functional variants in the CYP3A locus may have undergone a selective sweep in response to various environmental conditions. OBJECTIVE The goal of this ...