This paper is concerned with the structure of the genealogy of a sample in which it is observed that some subset of chromosomes carries a particular mutation, assumed to have arisen uniquely in the history of the population. A rigorous theoretical study of this conditional genealogy is given using coalescent methods. Particular results include the mean, variance, and density of the age of the m...

The word of “learning”, in a wide sense, is used as a part of the social system of education and it has been attracting researchers’ interest in our research area of educational systems. The goal of this research is to support creation and inheritance of organizational intellect, that is, “learning” in an organization. In this paper, we will propose an “Intellectual Genealogy Graph,” which is a...

UNLABELLED : In population genetics and phylogeography, haplotype genealogy graphs are important tools for the visualization of population structure based on sequence data. In this type of graph, node sizes are often drawn in proportion to haplotype frequencies and edge lengths represent the minimum number of mutations separating adjacent nodes. I here present Fitchi, a new program that produce...

A gene genealogy describes relationships among haplotypes sampled from a population. Knowledge of the gene genealogy for a set of haplotypes is useful for estimation of population genetic parameters and it also has potential application in finding disease-predisposing genetic variants. As the true gene genealogy is unknown, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches have been used to sample gen...

Non-interference is intended to capture the idea that one user’s interaction with a system should not causally effect any observations of the system that can be made by another user. Thus the latter user should be unable to infer anything from observations of the system about the actual behaviour of the former. As such it is a central concept in security modelling . Ever since Goguen and Mesegu...

Consider a continuous-time binary branching process conditioned to have population size n at some time t, and with a chance p for recording each extinct individual in the process. Within the family tree of this process, we consider the smallest subtree containing the genealogy of the extant individuals together with the genealogy of the recorded extinct individuals. We introduce a novel represe...

A well-established model for the genealogy of a large population in equilibrium is Kingman’s coalescent. For the population together with its genealogy evolving in time, this gives rise to a time-stationary tree-valued process. We study the sum of the branch lengths, briefly denoted as tree length, and prove that the (suitably compensated) sequence of tree length processes converges, as the pop...

A relative approach degree method of grey relation projection is presented to deal with multiple attribute making in which the attribute weight is unknown and attribute value is hybrid index. firstly, the normalized method of different type indices and the formula of distance for the same type indices are defined, and a objective weights determination model based on hybrid index type is constru...

This article is unlikely to help you if your sole focus within the cavy fancy is to make improvements within a well-established, existing breed. Here, tried and tested principles (such as ‘Breed to the best to the best and hope for the best’ and ‘Avoid duplicating faults in the parents and try to ensure that between them they have all the good points you are seeking in the offspring’) probably ...