BACKGROUND There is a great amount of literature concerning the effect of racial segregation on health outcomes but few papers have discussed the effect of segregation on the basis of social, demographic and economic characteristics on health. We estimated the independent effect of segregation of determinants of socioeconomic status on infant mortality in Iranian population. METHODS For measu...

Inspired by the k-inversion statistic for LLT polynomials, we define a k-inversion number and k-descent set for words. Using these, we define a new statistic on words, called the k-major index, that interpolates between the major index and inversion number. We give a bijective proof that the k-major index is equi-distributed with the major index, generalizing a classical result of Foata and red...

In this paper, we prove a Morse index theorem for the index form of even order linear Hamiltonian systems on the closed interval with reasonable self-adjoint boundary conditions. The highest order term is assumed to be nondegenerate.

Numerous grassland experiments have found evidence for a complementarity effect, an increase in productivity with higher plant species richness due to niche partitioning. However, empirical tests of complementarity in natural forests are rare. We conducted a spatially explicit analysis of 518 433 growth records for 274 species from a 50-ha tropical forest plot to test neighborhood complementari...

In this paper, we present a rough k-means clustering algorithm based on minimizing the dissimilarity, which is defined in terms of the squared Euclidean distances between data points and their closest cluster centers. This approach is referred to as generalized rough fuzzy k-means (GRFKM) algorithm. The proposed method solves the divergence problem of available approaches, where the cluster cen...

BACKGROUND One of the major health policy issues, in the both developed and developing countries, is the equality in the distribution of health resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the disparity in the distribution of health physical resources across the provinces of Iran in 2001 and 2011. METHODS This was a cross-sectional retrospective study which investigated inequality in t...

Adopting a measure is essential in many multimedia applications. Recently, distance learning is becoming an active research problem. In fact, the distance is the natural measure for dissimilarity. Generally, a pairwise relationship between two objects in learning tasks includes two aspects: similarity and dissimilarity. The similarity measure provides different information for pairwise relation...