We study topological properties of conjugacy classes in Polish groups, with emphasis on automorphism groups of homogeneous countable structures. We first consider the existence of dense conjugacy classes (the topological Rokhlin property). We then characterize when an automorphism group admits a comeager conjugacy class (answering a question of Truss) and apply this to show that the homeomorphi...

Context-free grammars can be used in algebraic speciication instead of rst-order signatures to deene the structure of algebras. The rigidity of these rst-order structures enforces a choice between strongly typed structures with little gener-icity or generic operations over untyped structures. Two-level signatures provide a better balance between genericity and typing. Two-level grammars are the...

We introduce a novel mixed characterword architecture to improve Chinese sentence representations, by utilizing rich semantic information of word internal structures. Our architecture uses two key strategies. The first is a mask gate on characters, learning the relation among characters in a word. The second is a maxpooling operation on words, adaptively finding the optimal mixture of the atomi...

This paper presents the Parallel BGL, a generic C++ library for distributed graph computation. Like the sequential Boost Graph Library (BGL) upon which it is based, the Parallel BGL applies the paradigm of generic programming to the domain of graph computations. Emphasizing efficient generic algorithms and the use of concepts to specify the requirements on type parameters, the Parallel BGL also...

BACKGROUND Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is one of the world's leading humanitarian medical organizations. The increased emphasis in MSF on research led to the creation of an ethics review board (ERB) in 2001. The ERB has encouraged innovation in the review of proposals and the interaction between the ERB and the organization. This has led to some of the advances in ethics governance described...

Canada was the first country to implement the WTO Decision of August 30, 2003, authorizing the export of generic drugs manufactured under a compulsory license to developing countries in response to a proposal brought forward by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that now claim dissatisfaction with the Canadian legislation. This empirical case study examines what success means for an NGO camp...

The propensity to imitation over other forms of learning is one of the major differences between humans and other species and one that has allowed for cumulative cultural evolution. However, imitation alone cannot explain increases of average fitness in human populations. Anthropologists have hypothesized that people do not imitate behaviors from random people; rather, transmission of some cult...