Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is as a key solution to interrupt its spread. This study aimed to describe the vaccination coverage required to stop the spread of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka using a mathematical modeling strategy. Materials & Methods: This longitudinal study used age-stratified and unstratified Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) models. Data on the population's age dist...

BACKGROUND Re-emergence of pertussis has been reported in Iran despite a high rate of vaccination coverage. Low efficacy of the vaccine might be due to the genetic divergence between clinical versus vaccine strains. In the current study, the genetic profiles of clinical isolates and vaccine strains of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) were assessed by using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (P...

The introduction of nationwide pneumococcal vaccination may lead to serotype replacement and the emergence of new variants that have expanded their genetic repertoire through recombination. To monitor alterations in the pneumococcal population structure, we have developed and utilized Capsular Sequence Typing (CST) in addition to Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA).To a...

The evolution of the Sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus in a hypogammaglobulinemia patient for a period of 649 days is described. Twelve poliovirus isolates from sequential stool samples encompassing days 21 to 649 after vaccination with Sabin 1 were characterized in terms of their antigenic properties, virulence in transgenic mice, sensitivity for growth at high temperatures, and differences in...

The telomerase reverse transcriptase, TERT, is an attractive target for human cancer vaccination because its expression is reactivated in a conspicuous fraction of human tumors. Genetic vaccination with murine telomerase (mTERT) could break immune tolerance in different mouse strains and resulted in the induction of both CD4+ and CD8+ telomerase-specific T cells. The mTERT-derived immunodominan...

Understanding the genetic, antigenic and structural changes that occur during HIV-1 infection in response to pre-existing immunity will facilitate current efforts to develop an HIV-1 vaccine. Much is known about HIV-1 variation at the population level but little with regard to specific changes occurring in the envelope glycoprotein within a host in response to immune pressure elicited by antibo...

Background: Despite the efforts to enhance hygiene education and personal hygiene and use of antibiotics and vaccination, infectious diseases remain the second cause of mortality worldwide. Vaccination is one of the greatest medical achievements in the prevention of mortality and morbidity, which has decreased treatment costs. This study aimed to compare the complications caused by pentavalent ...

In order to increase the post-vaccination immune response during vaccination of calves against salmonellosis, a test was carried out with an inactivated emulsified vaccine background use probiotic Profort. The studies were on basis large livestock farm in Voronezh region, unfavorable for salmonellosis calves. Epizootological, clinical, immunological, hematological, molecular genetic research me...

rabies is a fatal neurological infection caused by rabies virus. the deadly rabies virus could enter into human body via the wound that has caused by mammal bite. since rabies is a fatal disease without existing effective treatment, the best way is prevention. the widely examined preventive method for rabies is the use of post exposure rabies vaccination. in this specific case report, the autho...