introduction:  skin  sparing  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  characteristics  of  high  energy  photon  beams. however, the photons emerging from the target of linacs are contaminated by secondary  electrons  as  a  result  of  their  interactions  with  air,  collimators,  flattening  filter  and  any  other  objects in their path. this phenomenon tends to increase the skin dose received b...

introduction: the aim of present study was to estimate effective dose from most common procedures performed in nuclear medicine departments of golestan province. methods: data of nuclear medicine procedures performed in 2 nuclear medicine departments in golestan province were collected during 4 years. effective dose, collective effective dose and effective dose per examination were calculated u...

We present several attacks on RSA that factor the modulus in polynomial time under the condition that a fraction of the most significant bits or least significant bits of the private exponent is available to the attacker. Our new attacks on RSA are the first attacks of this type that work up to full size public or private exponent.

The effect of different doses of leptin, given as an intracerebroventricular (ICV) bolus, on body weight gain and food intake was investigated during refeeding, following a 24-h fast in lean (FA/fa) rats. It was observed that ICV leptin resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain, compared with vehicle injection, a difference that persisted for at least 6 days. This was associated...

investigation on the current response of an.stephensi larvae to four who recommended larvicides, i.e. malathion, temephos, chlorpyrifos and fenitrothion, were carried out in the laboratory in 1999. diagnostic concentrations of pesticides only yielded 100% mortality with malathion. in contrast, levels of susceptibility to temphos, chlorpyrifos (0.025 mg/l) and temephos (0.625 mg/l) killed 72%, 9...

Inorganic mercury may aggravate murine systemic autoimmune diseases which are either spontaneous (genetically determined) or induced by non-genetic mechanisms. Organic mercury species, the dominating form of mercury exposure in the human population, have not been examined in this respect. Therefore, ethyl mercury in the form of thimerosal, a preservative recently debated as a possible health ha...

Elucidation of pathways involved in mouse strain-dependent variation in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment may reveal novel mechanisms relevant in vivo. Here, we demonstrate genetically determined variation in the proliferation of lin-Sca1++kit+ (LSK) primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells in response to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) 2, the dose response of which was b...

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. The only intervention that has improved survival rate of GBM patients over past several decades been combining temozolomide (TMZ) with radiotherapy (RT), which increased median by ~2.5 months to where it currently stands at ~15 months. Unfortunately, all eventually die due tumor recurrence. Intrinsic or acquired ...

We identified for the first time two genetically selected strains of rats that differ markedly in sensitivity to cocaine-induced life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and arrest. The two strains of rats, designated as Fast and Slow, were bred for sensitivity (Fast) or resistance (Slow) to electrically kindled seizures. Studies were performed on halothane-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rat...