The genotoxicity of N-nitrosothiazolidine was studied in a microbial system and in a hepatocellular system. The compound showed positive responses in both tests, exhibiting weak mutagenicity at the lowest level tested (1 mg/plate) in the rec assay in Bacillus subtilis, and inducing statistically significant levels of DNA repair in primary hepatocyte cultures at concentrations ranging from 2 X 1...

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decr...

Appropriate follow-up actions and decisions are needed when evaluating and interpreting clear positive results obtained in the in vitro assays used in the initial genotoxicity screening battery (i.e., the battery of tests generally required by regulatory authorities) to assist in overall risk-based decision making concerning the potential effects of human exposure to the agent under test. Over ...

A database containing qualitative information on the genotoxic activity of about 3000 chemicals is described. The initial aim for the construction of the database was to develop an instrument for comparing the performance of different genotoxicity assay systems. One application of the database is the prediction of expected results in any genotoxicity assay for chemicals that were tested in a sm...

Echinodorus macrophyllus, commonly known as chapéu-de-couro, is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and rheumatic diseases. In this work, we used short-term bacterial assays based on the induction of SOS functions to examine the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of an aqueous extract of E. macrophyllus leaves. Whole extract and an ethyl acetate fraction showed similar geno...

Kinases are heavily pursued pharmaceutical targets because of their mechanistic role in many diseases. Small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) are a compound class that includes marketed drugs and compounds in various stages of drug development. While effective, many SMKIs have been associated with toxicity including chromosomal damage. Screening for kinase-mediated toxicity as early as possib...

A. TITLE OF THE TEST GUIDELINES (YEAR OF ORIGINAL ADOPTION, YEAR OF UPDATE) Transgenic rodent (TGR) somatic and germ cell gene mutation assays, EU: B.58, OECD: 488 (2011, 2013) In vivo mammalian alkaline comet assay, EU: none at present, OECD: 489 (2014) Note: the latest version of the OECD test guideline (TG) should always be used independent of whether it is published in the EU Test Method Re...

3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is an energetic explosive proposed for use in weapon systems, to reduce the sensitivity of warheads. In order to develop toxicity data for safety assessment, we investigated the genotoxicity of NTO, using a battery of genotoxicity tests, which included the Ames test, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell chromosome aberration test, L5178Y TK(+/-) mouse lymphoma muta...