Karakılçık (KK) is a landrace, of which both bread and durum wheat forms exist. This the first study that reports mutation induction detection with agronomic traits allele specific markers on KK landrace. In study, landrace was induced chemical using sodium azide (NaN3) (3 mM) mutagen to improve traits. research, genotype 13 M4 individuals (KK-1 KK-13) were used as plant materials. According re...

Genetic variation between geographically and temporally distinct isolates of dengue-1 (DEN-1) and dengue-4 (DEN-4) viruses was investigated. The nucleotide sequences of a fragment of the envelope protein gene encoding amino acids 28 to 87 of 35 DEN-1 isolates and 28 DEN-4 isolates were determined. Maximum nucleotide sequence variation was 6.9% and 4.9% for DEN-1 and DEN-4 viruses, respectively....

BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) after injection drug use is very prevalent. The kind of genotype determines the response to treatment. However, no systematic review update on the global genotype distribution of HCV in people who inject drugs (PWID) is currently available. METHODS A systematic review was performed by using the keywords: Genotype, Hepatitis C, Injection drug...

al. Identification of rodent homologs of hepatitis C virus and pegiviruses. et al. Serology-enabled discovery of genetically diverse hepaciviruses in a new host. To the Editor: Hepatitis E virus (HEV; family Hepeviridae, ge-nus Hepevirus) is a positive-stranded RNA virus with a genome of ≈7.2 kb that contains 3 open reading frames (1,2). On the basis of sequence analysis , mammalian HEVs are cl...

In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Anita Kohli and colleagues report the results of a single-centre, open-label cohort, phase 2a trial of a ledipasvir plus sofosbuvir fi xed-dose combination (FDC) for adult patients with genotype 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a sustained viral response at 12 weeks after the termination of study drugs (S...

based effective treatment (9). Surgical excision remains controversial because of potentially high rates of significant scarring (10). For nonsuppurative lymphadenitis, a watch-and-wait approach is recommended because most resolve rapidly (8). Given our findings, the National TB Program in Georgia subsequently created a management protocol. This protocol recommends no intervention for nonsuppur...

Isolates of hepatitis E virus (HEV) have recently been described from China that are distinct from Burmese, Mexican and US viruses and constitute a novel genotype (genotype 4). Here, the complete genomic sequence of a representative isolate of genotype 4 HEV, amplified directly from the stool of an acutely infected patient, is presented. Analysis of the entire sequence confirms our previous con...

Background A rare missense APOE variant (L28P; APOE*4Pittsburgh) has been reported to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, sinceL28P observed only among APOE*4 carriers, its independent genetic association is uncertain. In this study, we re-evaluated in large case-control sample of 15,762 U.S. Whites aged ≥60 years and investigated effect. Method Samples were derived from thr...

Phylogenetic analyses of the envelope (E) gene sequence of five recently isolated dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) suggested the emergence of a distinct geographical and temporal DENV-4 subgenotype IIA in Malaysia. Four of the isolates had direct ancestral lineage with DENV-4 Indonesia 1973 and showed evidence of intra-serotypic recombination with the other recently isolated DENV-4, MY01-22713. The...

During 2011, 5 persons in the area of Lazio, Italy were infected with a monophyletic strain of hepatitis E virus that showed high sequence homology with isolates from swine in China. Detection of this genotype in Italy parallels findings in other countries in Europe, signaling the possible spread of strains new to Western countries.