Exploitation of fisheries resources has unintended consequences, not only in the bycatch and discard of non-target organisms, but also in damage to targeted fish that are injured by gear but not landed (non-retention). Delayed mortality due to non-retention represents lost reproductive potential in exploited stocks, while not contributing to harvest. Our study examined the physiological mechani...

Do no-take marine reserves affect fishery yields? Manipulations of reserve status, and yield estimates, were made at two Philippine islands over two decades. Twenty-five percent and ten percent, respectively, of the coral reefs at Sumilon and Apo islands were made no-take reserves in 1974 and 1982. Biomass of target fish increased inside the no-take reserves 3to 4.5-fold over 9–18 years. Biomas...

iii Dedicated to my parents, wife and children iv v ABSTRACT This thesis examines the biology, ecology and anthropogenic threats of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off Zanzibar, Tanzania, based on research conducted and samples collected between 2000 and 2008. Distribution and occurrence are described based on incidental catches (bycatch) in gillnet fisheries. Biology and ec...

Selectivity is a fishing gear characteristic capable of catching fish specific size and species from the existing population distribution. Mesh one important factors that influence gillnets’ selectivity, because different length-classes are caught by them. This report focuses on selectivity two mesh sizes gillnets (8.89 cm 10.16 cm) mackerel's catch constructing gillnet in Sungailiat waters. Ex...

................................................................................................................................ v Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 Methods ...........................................................................................................................