[1] We simulate three-dimensional ice temperature fields to examine spatial-temporal history of the subglacial thermal environment during the last glacial cycle. Model results suggest that 60–80% of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was coldbased (frozen to the bed) at the LGM, and therefore unable to undergo large-scale basal flow. The fraction of warm-based ice increases significantly through the ensu...

Chemical erosion in glacial environments is normally a consequence of chemical weathering reactions dominated by sulphide oxidation linked to carbonate dissolution and the carbonation of carbonates and silicates. Solute fluxes from small valley glaciers are usually a linear function of discharge. Representative glacial solute concentrations can be derived from the linear association of solute f...

Glaciation has affected the shape of mountain ranges and has induced a global increase in erosion rates during the past 2 m.y. The observed increase in erosion rates appears to vary with latitude, reaching a maximum at mid-latitudes that is particularly well defined in the Southern Hemisphere. Although it is likely that climate played an important role, the processes responsible for such latitu...

Abstract. It is now widely accepted that astronomical factors trigger the emergence of glacial and interglacial periods. However, nearly two centuries ago, overall situation was not as apparent it today. In this article, I briefly discuss model ice ages put forward in 19th early 20th centuries. This period indeed anni mirabiles for scientists to understand age phenomenon. Agassiz, Adhémar Croll...

Understanding natural climate variability is essential for assessments of climate change. This is reflected in the scaling properties of climate records. The scaling exponents of the interglacial and the glacial climates are fundamentally different. The Holocene record is monofractal, with a scaling exponent H∼0.7. On the contrary, the glacial record is multifractal, with a significantly higher...

1 State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 2 Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, 3 Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 4 Departame...

a Limnological Research Center, Department of Geology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States b University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, Frostburg, MD, 21532, United States c Departments of Plant Biology and Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States d Department of Geology, Brown University, Providence RI, 1...

• While studies of modern plants indicate negative responses to low [CO2] that occurred during the last glacial period, studies with glacial plant material that incorporate evolutionary responses are rare. In this study, physiological responses to changing [CO2] were compared between glacial (La Brea tar pits) and modern Juniperus trees from southern California. • Carbon isotopes were measured ...

To constrain the timing of rifting in the western, eastern, and northern parts of the Alboran Sea basin, seismic reflectors, corresponding to biostratigraphic boundaries and unconformities from the Miocene to Recent, are correlated using synthetic seismograms. Regions of adjacent coeval compression and extension are found in the Alboran Sea basin. Normal faulting continues in parts of the easte...