The Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry mission from 2003 to 2008 provided an important dataset for elevation measurements. The quality of GLAS/ICESat (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) data was investigated for Lake Leman in Switzerland and France by comparing laser data to hydrological gauge water levels. The correction of GLAS/ICESat waveform saturation successf...

Abstract. The Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Monitoring satellite will be the first of China with multi-beams laser altimeter and repetition frequency equal to GLAS on world altimetry ICESat, but smaller diameter than GLAS. This a milestone Chinese from single elevation control application multi-scene applications, such as forest height, water level measurement so on. In this paper, basic paramet...

Item cloning techniques can greatly reduce the cost of item writing and enhance the flexibility of item presentation. An important consequence of cloning is that it may cause variability in the item parameters. Recently, Glas and van der Linden (in press, 2005) proposed a multilevel item response model where it is assumed that the item parameters of a 3-parameter logistic (3PL) model or a 3-par...