The forcing theorem is the most fundamental result about set forcing, stating that the forcing relation for any set forcing is definable and that the truth lemma holds, that is everything that holds in a generic extension is forced by a condition in the relevant generic filter. We show that both the definability (and, in fact, even the amenability) of the forcing relation and the truth lemma ca...

We prove that the one-dimensional Euler-Poisson system driven by the Poisson forcing together with the usual γ-law pressure, γ ≥ 1, admits global solutions for a large class of initial data. Thus, the Poisson forcing regularizes the generic finite-time breakdown in the 2× 2 p-system. Global regularity is shown to depend on whether or not the initial configuration of the Riemann invariants and d...

In 1987, the function chart "GRAFCET" was endowed with two new concepts intended to supplement the IEC 848 Standard : the macro-step and the forcing order. In this paper, our field of interest is the forcing order and more particularly the hierarchy between partial grafcets which is engendered. Initially, we describe the basic principles of the forcing order and of the hierarchical structure of...

We examine the relative roles of direct atmospheric radiative forcing (due to observed changes in well-mixed greenhouse gases, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, sulfate and volcanic aerosols, and solar output) and observed sea surface temperature (SST) forcing of global atmospheric circulation trends during the second half of the 20 century using atmospheric general circulation modeling exp...

A size-dependent sea salt aerosol parameterization was developed based on the piecewise log-normal approximation (PLA) for aerosol size distributions. Results of this parameterization from simulations with a global climate model produce good agreement with observations at the surface and for vertically-integrated volume size distributions. The global and annual mean of the sea salt burden is 10...

In this paper we study the notion of forcing for Lukasiewicz predicate logic ( L∀, for short), along the lines of Robinson’s forcing in classical model theory. We deal with both finite and infinite forcing. As regard to the former we prove a Generic Model Theorem for L∀, while for the latter, we study the generic and existentially complete standard models of L∀.

Aerosols are harmful to human health and have both direct and indirect effects on climate. China is a major contributor to global emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a sulfate (SO4 2 ) precursor, organic carbon (OC), and black carbon (BC) aerosols. Although increasingly examined, the effect of present and potential future levels of these emissions on global premature mortality and climate change...