Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Hypotheses on factors affecting in–river survival .......................................................... 2 Delayed mortality effects................................................................................................ 4 Exploring larger impacts.........

Here, I examine some of the many varied ways in which sustained global ocean observations are used in numerical modelling activities. In particular, I focus on the use of ocean observations to initialize predictions in ocean and climate models. Examples are also shown of how models can be used to assess the impact of both current ocean observations and to simulate that of potential new ocean ob...

This article analyzes determinants of technology acceptance and their interdependence. It highlights the role of affect in attitude formation toward new technologies and examines how it mediates the influence of stable psychological variables on the technology's acceptability. Based on theory and previous empirical evidence, we develop an analytical framework of attitude formation. We test this...

By 2050, the earth’s population is expected to be more than 9 billion. The need for secure food and water supply will force agriculture to increase production. The major greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the livestock sector are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) throughout the production process. These gases are the key contributor to an in...

We construct a mid-latitude (30–60 N) reduced temperature-depth profile from a global borehole temperature database compiled for climate reconstruction. This reduced temperature profile is interpreted in terms of past surface ground temperature change and indicates warming on the order of 1C over the past 100 to 200 years. The combination of an initial temperature (the primary free parameter) w...

The response of marine plankton to climate change is of critical importance to the oceanic food web and fish stocks. We use a 60-year ocean basin-wide data set comprising >148,000 samples to reveal huge differences in range changes associated with climate change across 35 plankton taxa. While the range of dinoflagellates and copepods tended to closely track the velocity of climate change (the r...

Orbitally induced increase in northern summer insolation after growth of a large ice sheet triggered deglaciation and associated global warming. Ice-albedo, sealevel, and greenhouse-gas feedbacks, together with tropical warming from weakening winds in response to polar amplification of warming, caused regionalto-global (near-) synchronization of deglaciation. Effects were larger at orbital rath...