Transgenic glyphosate-resistant canola was first commercially grown in Western Australia (WA) in 2010, providing an opportunity to obtain important baseline data regarding the level of glyphosate resistance in weeds following the exclusive use of glyphosate for in-crop weed control. In this study, two surveys (2010 and 2011) were conducted across the 14Mha of the grainbelt of WA. The 2010 surve...

The herbicide glyphosate is effectively detoxified by N-acetylation. We screened a collection of microbial isolates and discovered enzymes exhibiting glyphosate N-acetyltransferase (GAT) activity. Kinetic properties of the discovered enzymes were insufficient to confer glyphosate tolerance to transgenic organisms. Eleven iterations of DNA shuffling improved enzyme efficiency by nearly four orde...

The uptake of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) by an Arthrobacter sp. which can utilize this herbicide as its sole source of phosphorus was investigated. Orthophosphate suppressed the expression of the uptake system for glyphosate and also competed with glyphosate for uptake. The K(m) for glyphosate uptake was 125 muM, and the K(i) for orthophosphate was 24 muM. Organophosphonates as wel...

Shortly after the introduction of Roundup Ready (RR) soybean questions arose whether these varieties and/or glyphosate applications to them alter manganese (Mn) relations compared to conventional soybean varieties. It is well documented that certain cations, including Mn, can reduce the performance of glyphosate when the cations are present in water used as a carrier. The complexes formed betwe...

swallow wort is a perennial weed which has caused damage in agricultural fields in iran especially in orchards. therefore, an experiment was conducted during 2009-2011 in order to its integrated management in arachis orchard in abyek based on randomized complete block design with three replications and 18 treatments. the treatments included gramaxon (paraquat 20% sl), roundup (glyphosate 41% sl...

The strong correlation between glyphosate uptake and growth inhibition of cultured carrot (Daucus carota L. cv Danvers) cells incubated in the presence of aspartate suggests that aspartate reverses glyphosate inhibition of growth primarily by reducing intracellular glyphosate concentration. Other compounds which reverse glyphosate inhibition of cell growth gave a range of effects on glyphosate ...

The majority of soybeans planted in the United States are resistant to glyphosate due to introduction of a gene encoding for a glyphosate-insensitive 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Gene expression profiling was conducted using cDNA microarrays to address questions related to potential secondary effects of glyphosate. When glyphosate-sensitive plants were treated with glyphosate, ...

Glyphosate-based herbicides are among the most widely used pesticides in the world. We compared the acute toxicity of the glyphosate end-use formulation Roundup Original to four North American amphibian species (Rana clamitans, R. pipiens, R. sylvatica, and Bufo americanus) and the toxicity of glyphosate technical, the polyethoxylated tallowamine surfactant (POEA) commonly used in glyphosate-ba...

Iron (Fe) deficiency is increasingly being observed in cropping systems with frequent glyphosate applications. A likely reason for this is that glyphosate interferes with root uptake of Fe by inhibiting ferric reductase in roots required for Fe acquisition by dicot and nongrass species. This study investigated the role of drift rates of glyphosate (0.32, 0.95 or 1.89 mm glyphosate corresponding...

A key enzyme in the shikimate pathway, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) is the primary target of the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate. Identification of new aroA genes coding for EPSPS with a high level of glyphosate tolerance is essential for the development of glyphosate-tolerant crops. In the present study, the glyphosate tolerance of five bacterial aroA genes was evalu...