The thyroid gland pathology is one of the most common in world and on samelevel with diabetes mellitus diseases cardiovascular system its importance.Extragenital pathology, particular, nodular goiter pregnant women acts as anadditional stress factor that can negatively affect hormonal relationships motherplacenta-fetus contribute to an increase frequency complications ofpregnancy, childbirth, i...

Background: To determine the thyroid function tests and urinary iodine levels in women belonging to goiter endemic area. Study type and settings: Descriptive study conducted in women of goiter endemic area in Saggian Lahore. Subjects and Methods: Saggian Lahore is a goiter endemic area. A total of 293 women between the ages of 18-45 years residing in the area were clinically screened for goiter...

The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is characterized by elevated serum free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3) in the presence of unsuppressed TSH levels, reflecting resistance to the normal negative feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus and pituitary. The degree of resistance within peripheral tissues determines whether thyrotoxic clinical features are associated with this condit...

diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorders in children. there is a close association between diabetes and other autoimmune disease especially thyroid disorders. as many as 20 percent of insulin dependent diabetic patients may have thyroid antibodies in their serum. the prevalence is 2-20 times greater than observed in normal populations. in this study, 122 patients with diabetes m...

BACKGROUND Some studies have shown the possible role of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in persistence of endemic goiter in iodine replenished areas. The present study was conducted to assess the association between PEM and goiter in schoolchildren of Isfahan, Iran. METHODS In a cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random-sampling, 2331 schoolchildren with age ranged from 6-13 yea...

BACKGROUND The definition of substernal goiter is not uniform and varies among authors. We can define substernal--or retrosternal-goiter a thyroid formation with cervical departure that goes beyond the superior thoracic strait for at least 3 cm and that preserves, generally, the connections between the cervical and thoracic portion, maintaining a direct vascularization supplied by the thyroid a...

Micro nutrient iodine was essential in biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH). These play a vital role the growth and development human beings at various stages life. TH are required for normal brain embryonic, fetal past natal stages. If deficiency occurs then hormone production impaired, if it can cause irreversible damage which leads to disorders like metal retarded ness, cretinism goiter kno...

Iodine deficiency early in life impairs cognition and growth, but iodine status is also a key determinant of thyroid disorders in adults. Severe iodine deficiency causes goitre and hypothyroidism because, despite an increase in thyroid activity to maximise iodine uptake and recycling in this setting, iodine concentrations are still too low to enable production of thyroid hormone. In mild-to-mod...

Pendred's syndrome is defined as a triad of congenital perceptive hearing loss, goiter, and abnormal perchlorate test. Three brothers with Pendred's syndrome [P.S.] are reported. The oldest brother has hearing loss (he has been deaf and mute since childhood) and has a large goiter. A thyroid scan revealed euthyroid multinodular goiter and a perchlorate test was performed, and reported abno...

We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with a personal history of chronic venous insufficiency and recurrent biliary colic who was seen after goiter was detected at during routine medical visit. A physical examination revealed diffuse grade 3 goiter associated with two to four bilateral hard nodules attached to deep planes. There were no adenopathies. No thyroid tenderness or other findings ...