A generic model for the monetary flow in multi-level marketing schemes for virtual goods, so called incentive management systems, is introduced and analysed. It is shown that such schemes can in principle be fair, and it is argued that they can be viably realised if the value of the distributed good is positive. It is shown how the monetary incentive a buyer receives through the scheme can be p...

ness of an element is the ratio of in-degrees over in-degrees plus out-degrees of the element, and ranges from 0 to l (Pieters et al. 1995). Elements with high abstractness scores are

Multiple dispatch generalizes the receiver-oriented dynamic dispatch of traditional object-oriented (OO) languages by allowing the run-time classes of all arguments to be employed. While research over the last decade has shown how to integrate multiple dispatch with the modular static typechecking found in traditional OO languages, that work has been forced to impose unnatural restrictions or m...

Looking for appropriate dispatch rules for semiconductor fabrication facilities (wafer fabs), practitioners often intend to use the Shortest Processing Time First (SPTF) rule because it is said to reduce cycle times. In our study, we show, however, that this positive effect on cycle times can be achieved in single machine systems but not necessarily in complete wafer fabs. In addition, we discu...

BACKGROUND In countries where a single public emergency telephone number is not in operation, different emergency telephone numbers corresponding to multiple dispatch centres (police, fire, emergency medical service) may create confusion for the population about the most appropriate service to call. In particular, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) requires a prompt and effective response. W...

BACKGROUND Rapid and precise dispatch of resources is a key element in pre-hospital emergency medicine. Emergency medical communication centres (EMCCs) dispatch resources based on protocols and guidelines, balancing the acute need of the individual and the resource allocation of the pre-hospital emergency medical system. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of stroke identificati...

Emotional stimuli guide selective visual attention and receive enhanced processing. Previous event-related potential studies have identified an early (>120 ms) negative potential shift over occipito-temporal regions (early posterior negativity, EPN) presumed to indicate the facilitated processing of survival-relevant stimuli. The present study investigated whether this neural signature of motiv...