A new method for producing graded-index (GRIN) profiles on type A photolime gel-based polymer waveguides with vacuum drying is demonstrated. Vacuum drying allows optical waveguides to be built on substrates with a higher index of refraction without intermediate lower-index cladding layers while keeping the concentration of various dopants unperturbed. The waveguide-loss and GRIN profiles were c...

We construct a realization of the algebra of the Z3-graded topological symmetry of type (1, 1, 1) in terms of a pair of operators D1 : H1 → H2, D2 : H2 → H3 satisfying [D1D † 1,D † 2D2] = 0. We show that the sequence of the restriction of these operators to the zero-energy subspace forms a complex and establish the equality of the corresponding topological invariants with the analytic indices o...

A lens with a graded refractive index is required for vision in aquatic animals with camera-type eyes. This optical design entails a radial gradient of protein density, with low density in external layers and high density in internal layers. To maintain the optical stability of the eye, different material properties are required for proteins in different regions of the lens. In low-density regi...

We propose an optical dimer formed from two spherical lenses bound by the pressure that light exerts on matter. With the help of the method of force tracing, we find the required graded-index profiles of the lenses for the existence of the dimer. We study the dynamics of the opto-mechanical interaction of lenses under the illumination of collimated light beams and quantitatively validate the pe...

this paper deals with local buckling analysis of rectangular functionally graded material plates using finite strip method and based on classical plate theory. the modulus of elasticity of the plate is assumed to vary according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. the principle of minimum total potential energy is employed to obtain stiffness and sta...

To a good approximation, the electromagnetic-propagation characteristics of graded-index waveguides can be written in terms of polynomial-Gaussian modes. For uniform quadratic-index waveguides the behavior of these modes is well known. However, there are sometimes practical reasons for using tapered waveguides, but detailed propagation solutions are known for only a few specific taper functions...

In the absence of suitable deposition processes, the fabrication of graded-index chalcogenide waveguides or fibers remains an outstanding challenge. Here, by exploiting the strong thermo-optic effect present in chalcogenide glasses, we experimentally demonstrate non-permanent optically-induced waveguides in bulk As2Se3 rods using a 1.55 μm wavelength laser. This single-ste...

Light propagation is analyzed in thermally expanded core (TEC) fibers with graded-index profile. Used as power mixers among others, their core structure at the boundary between the heated and non-heated regions is represented by linear taper. Ray optics is used as the transverse taper dimensions are large relative to the wavelength of propagating light. Trajectories of meridian rays are derived...