Thin fi lms with microcrystalline and nanocrystalline grains are used in MEMS and thin fi lms for electronics. These systems have mechanical properties that depend on the microstructure. Grain size is frequently reported only as mean values or bounds. It has been demonstrated, however, that a mean grain size value is insuffi cient to describe the microstructure of these materials and the result...

Landscape metrics are useful tools in investigating spatial structure and in describing the heterogeneity of landscapes, but are sensitive to grain size. Thus, it is necessary to determine the appropriate grain size before researching landscape patterns. However, there have been few large-scale investigations in high-precision research about the effect of grain size on landscape patterns, espec...

For the first time, the pinning effect of small spheroid particles with aspect ratios 1, 2 and 3 on grain growth in polycrystalline structures was studied by three-dimensional phase field simulations. This was possible by using an efficient parallel sparse bounding box algorithm. Simulation results for different volume fractions of the second-phase particles show that distributions of particles...

Numerical modeling based on radiative transfer theory and observations of grain growth with depth have indicated that passive microwave brightness temperatures over the polar ice sheets should be a function of accumulation rate. Using accumulationrate time series from nine shallow cores in the dry-snow facies in central Greenland, we find that multi-year averages of mean annual SMMR brightness ...

growing demand for wheat grain with optimal technological parameters results in looking for the possibilities of accurately meeting the plant needs. environmental conditions in the surroundings of germinating grains can be improved by application of humic preparations. qualitative features of grain can be also changed by foliar application of potassium, which is the activator of enzymes catalys...

The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommended "grain (cereal)" core food group includes both refined and whole grain foods, but excludes those that are discretionary (i.e., cakes). We investigated the association between daily serves from the "grain (cereal)" group and its effect on fibre and adiposity. Data from Australian adults in the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey...

We present an analysis, based upon atomistic simulation data, of the effect of Fe impurities on grain boundary migration in Al. The first step is the development of a new interatomic potential for Fe in Al. This potential provides an accurate description of Al–Fe liquid diffraction data and the bulk diffusivity of Fe in Al. We use this potential to determine the physical parameters in the Cahn–...

Grain refinement not only enhances the mechanical performance of as-cast metallic materials but also provides an effective mechanism for controlling cast defects, such as macro-segregation, porosity and coarse second phase particles. Therefore, understanding grain alloys with different solute additions is both theoretical practical importance. Although extensive research has been carried out ov...

In order to evaluate the relationship between morphological characters in rice lines two populations at F3 generation were grown in research field of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource University, Sari, Iran, during 2012. Statistical analysis on important agronomic traits showed that maximum standard deviation belonged to total grain number followed by filled grains per panicle and grai...