The numerical method for study of hydrodynamic flows over an arbitrary bed profile in the presence of external force is proposed in this paper. This method takes into account the external force effect, it use the quasi-two-layer model of hydrodynamic flows over a stepwise boundary with consideration of features of the flow near the step. There are performed the numerical simulations based on pr...

In this model, without dark matter, the f lat rotation curves of galaxies and the mass-to-light ratios of clusters of galaxies are described quantitatively. The hypothesis is that the agent of gravitational force is propagated as if it were scattered with a mean free path of '5 kiloparsecs. As a result, the force between moderately distant masses, separated by more than the mean free path, dimi...