An identity links the rate of economic growth, the speed of poverty reduction and changes in the distribution of income during some time period in a given country. A few authors used that identity to understand the causes for observed changes in poverty and to identify the exact role of economic growth in poverty reduction. Yet, many empirical cross-country studies of the relationship between g...

Abstract T his paper explains bilateral trade patterns between South Korea and thirteen OPEC member countries over the period 1980-2014 using a gravity model. The estimation results show that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. We confirmed the existence of long term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model - ...

The vacuum diagram is calculated at second order for theories with self-interacting massless fields in the framework of finite causal perturbation theory. It is pointed out that the infrared behaviour of the vacuum diagram leads to unstable Fock vacua for QCD or massless QED, but not for quantum gravity. Therefore a radical rearrangement of the physical system must take place for such theories....

It is a general belief that the existence of an initial singularity can be remove through the employment of a quantum theory of gravity. However, there is no consistent theory of gravity until now, and in this sense the problem of the initial singularity remains of actuality. It is well known that is possible to construct a quantum model for the universe as a whole, through the Wheeler-DeWitt (...

This paper assesses the effect of coal energy production volume, exchange rate, inflation and gross domestic product on volume Indonesia's exports in 1998-2019. Based an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, short run, we find that has a negative relationship to exports. However, other hand, positive In long also inflation, Besides, rate Keywords: Coal Energy, Exchange Rate, Inflation...

The angular power spectra of cosmic microwave background are analyzed under the light of the evolutional scenario of the universe based on the renormalizable quantum theory of gravity in four dimensions. The equation of evolution is solved numerically fixing the power law spectrum predicted by the conformal gravity for the initial condition. The equation requires to introduce a dynamical energy...

Gravity is electrostatic. This paper substantiates this claim by deriving, through basic electrostatic relationships, a simple equation for gravity forces that includes an expression for the gravity constant G in terms of electrostatic parameters. Applied to interaction between two separated sub-atomic particles in open space, the derivation of G results in a value that falls within the range o...

detection of subsurface structures by means of gravity method can be used to determine mass distribution and density contrast of rock units. this distribution could be detected by different geophysical methods, especially gravity method. however, gravity techniques have some drawbacks and can't be always successful in distinguishing subsurface structures. performance of the gravity technique co...

This paper investigates fair (i.e., envy-free and efficient) allocations in an overlapping generations economy without production with two-period lived agents. We show that there is a conflict between no-envy efficiency when all have identical preferences. crucially depends on the size of given young age consumption initial old generation relative to at golden-rule. then exist non-stationary pr...

In this paper, we study Raychaudhuri's equation in the background of R + βR 2 gravity with a phenomenological matter (ρ ∝ a(t) −n). We conclude that even though the Strong Energy Condition (S.E.C.) for Einstein's gravity, which guarantees singularity, is n ≥ 2 for ρ ∝ a(t) −n , a perturbative analysis of Raychaudhuri's equation in the background of R+βR 2 gravity reveals that the big bang singu...