The movement of eukaryotic flagella is characterized by its oscillatory nature. In sea urchin sperm, for example, planar bends are formed in alternating directions at the base of the flagellum and travel toward the tip as continuous waves. The bending is caused by the orchestrated activity of dynein arms to induce patterned sliding between doublet microtubules of the flagellar axoneme. Although...

Tetrahymena cilia contain a three-headed 22S (outer arm) dynein and a single-headed 14S dynein. In this study, we have employed an in vitro assay of microtubule translocation along dynein-coated glass surfaces to characterize the motile properties of 14S dynein, 22S dynein, and proteolytic fragments of 22S dynein. Microtubule translocation produced by intact 22S dynein and 14S dynein differ in ...

This paper studies theuncertain nonlinear dynamics of a MEMS optical switch addressing electrical, mechanical and optical subsystems. Recently, MEMS optical switch has had significant merits in reliability, control voltage requirements and power consumption. However, an inherent weakness in designing control for such systems is unavailability of switch position information at all times due to t...

In this paper, a quaternion-based finite-time sliding mode attitude controller is designed for a spacecraft performing high-thrust orbital maneuvers, with cold gas thrusters as its actuators. The proposed controller results are compared with those of a quaternion feedback controller developed for the linearized spacecraft dynamics, in terms of settling time, steady-state error, number of thrust...

This paper presents the development and performance analysis of intelligent control techniques such as Sliding Mode controller and Fuzzy logic Controller for Brushless DC (BLDC)motor drives. Today, strong mathematical tools used in new control methodologies to design adaptive nonlinear robust controller with acceptable performance. One of the best nonlinear robust controller which can be used i...

precise geoid determination on islands suffers from the lack of accurate gravity data on the open seas. nowadays, sub-microgal accuracy for the land gravity observations is obtainable. but the sea gravity data which are collected via shipborne techniques, due to the measuring environment at sea area, are usually highly noisy and are contaminated with various systematic errors. on the other hand...

Due to the development of scale tractor-ploughed terraces, terraces have been increasing in number, while global climate change is causing frequent extreme rainfall events Loess Plateau, resulting many terrace landslides. To study mechanism and process shallow landslides deep slip surface induced by loess hill gully area, we conducted a laboratory model test under artificial used Swedish arc st...

the asymptotically ads solutions of the einstein gravity with hyperbolic horizons in the presence of so(n(n-1)/2- 1,1) yang-mills fields governed by the non-abelian born-infeld lagrangian are presented. we investigate the properties of these solutions as well as their asymptotic behavior in various dimensions. the properties of these kinds of solutions are like the einstein-yang-mills solutions...

In this paper, the modified optimal sliding mode control with a proposed method to design a sliding surface is presented. Because of the inability of the previous approach of the sliding mode method to design a bounded and suitable input, the new variation is proposed in the sliding manifold to obviate problems in a structural system. Although the sliding mode control is a powerful method to re...

In conventional sliding-mode control systems, the sliding-mode motion is of reduced order. Two main problems hindering the application of the sliding-mode control are the singularity in terminal slidingmode control systems and the chattering in both the conventional linear sliding-mode and the terminal sliding-mode control systems. This paper proposes a chattering-free full-order terminal-slidi...