BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE During the hyperacute phase of stroke, multiple hypointense vessels were identified specifically in the ischemic territory on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images (GRE-T2* WI) at 3T. The area was named a "region of multiple hypointense vessels (RMHV)." The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of RMHV for the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and to establ...

The mutation of glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) of HBV DNA obtained from a patient with chronic hepatitis B was evaluated. This patient showed fatal course by glucocorticoid administration. The HBV DNA from this patient (GRE-M) and two patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (GRE-W1,2) whose HBV DNA have few mutations, were examined. The 212 bp region from nt.274 to nt.485 (GRE...

Magnetic field inhomogeneity causes artifacts in MRI. For example, in single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI), they often appear as severe geometric distortions along the phase-encoding direction. Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is useful in reducing the distortion in EPI since it only acquires partial k-space data using multiple receiver channels. In SENSE, a reference scan usually needs to be perf...

Glucocorticoids (GC) generally stimulate gene transcription via the consensus glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) located in the promoter region. To identify the GRE in the rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene promoter, we transiently transfected PC12 cells with a 9 kb TH promoter-luciferase (Luc) construct. Dexamethasone (Dex) stimulated Luc activity, which was abolished by RU-486. Serial del...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common type of primary neuronal injury in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is frequently accompanied by tissue tear hemorrhage. T2-weighted gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences are more sensitive than T2-weighted spin-echo images for detection of hemorrhage. The purpose of this study is to compare turbo Proton Echo ...

BACKGROUND Ginseng belongs to the genus Panax. Its main active ingredients are the ginsenosides. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To understand the effects of ginsenoside Re (GRe) on GI motility, the authors investigated its effects on the pacemaker activity of ICCs of the murine small intestine. METHODS Interstitial cells of Cajal...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has been shown to be more sensitive in detecting cerebral microbleeds (MBs) than is conventional T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo imaging (GRE). However, the clinical relevance of this improved detection in terms of associations with clinical measures and risk factors is unclear. We sought to determine whether associations of MBs w...

The highly processive transcription by multi-subunit RNA polymerases (RNAP) can be interrupted by misincorporation or backtracking events that may stall transcription or lead to erroneous transcripts. Backtracked/misincorporated complexes can be resolved via hydrolysis of the transcript. Here, we show that, in response to misincorporation and/or backtracking, the catalytic domain of RNAP active...