White biotechnology can be regarded as applied biocatalysis, with enzymes and microorganisms, aiming at industrial production of bulk and fine chemicals to food and animal feed additives. In its turn biocatalysis has many attractive features in the context of greenchemistry: mild reaction conditions (physiological pH and temperature); environmentally compatible catalysts and solvent (often wate...

The use of heterogenization as a method for achieving clean synthesis is discussed. The chemical modification of mesoporous solids can be used to make a range of catalysts, including solid acids and bases, and stable metal complexes for selective oxidations and other reactions. By avoiding an aqueous quench stage in the separation, the heterogenization of catalysts and reagents can lead to subs...

This paper describes an application model that couples Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method , which named Fuzzy-AHP(FAHP). AHP has its own superiority in computing index weight and comparing index in the same row than at classifying level. While fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is good at classifying level. Taking into account their respective advanta...

A mild and efficient one-pot three-component and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of a wide range of hydantoin annulated derivatives has been described. A multi-component reaction between a carbonyl compounds (ketone or aldehyde), potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate (as cyanating agent and amine source, respectively leads to the formation of hydantoins. The proposed optimi...

The problem you need to solve is to determine the identity of the individual components from your mixture. You will use several different techniques today and compare your experimental results to those of known standards. From this data you should be able to identify all of the components of your original mixture. Keep careful records of your observations and your interpretation of spectra so t...

Transition-metal centers are the active sites for a broad variety of biological and inorganic chemical reactions. Notwithstanding this central importance, density-functional theory calculations based on generalized-gradient approximations often fail to describe energetics, multiplet structures, reaction barriers, and geometries around the active sites. We suggest here an alternative approach, d...