Computer simulations of the evolution of the Earth's atmospheric composition and surface temperature have been carried out. The program took into account changes in the solar luminosity, variations in the Earth's albedo, the greenhouse effect, variation in the biomass, and a variety of geochemical processes. Results indicate that prior to two billion years ago the Earth had a partially reduced ...

sustainable development of the production in every region requires consideration of energy flow in the production system, moreover, investigating the production system inputs from environmental management point of view is of high importance. in this study energy use and greenhouse gas emissions is investigated. data were collected through interviews with 75 tea farmers and comparing the results...

As a potential offsetting agent to the greenhouse effect, aerosols are receiving increasing attention in the atmospheric science community. Notwithstanding, our knowledge of the impact of aerosols on radiation and climate is rather poor and falls well behind that of the greenhouse effect (IPCC 1995). Direct radiative forcing (DRF) of aerosols is an important climatic parameter measuring the inf...

climate change is occurring as a result of warming of the earth’s atmosphere due to human activity generating excess amounts of greenhouse gases. because of its potential impact on the hydrologic cycle and severe weather events, climate change is expected to have an enormous effect on human health, including on the burden and distribution of many infectious diseases. the infectious diseases tha...

Model-based control techniques are commonly applied to control the greenhouse climate. As well-known, these techniques require accurate models for adequate results. Several first-principle models have been developed for the greenhouse climate control problem considering all the physical and physiological processes. However, these models are too complex to be used for control purposes. On the ot...

Infrared radiation serves as a cooling channel when an emitting surface is directly exposed to the atmosphere. However, performance restricted, or it might be transitioned heating mode in enclosure. In this study, we develop design strategy modify emissivity mitigate radiative enclosure comprising of two (i.e., floor and cover) gray bodies. Indoor experiments were performed on copper with view ...