Purpose: To evaluate the protective effects of chestnut (Castenea cranata Siebold & Zucc., Fagaceae) peel extract on stimulated BV-2 microglial cells as well as its anti-oxidant properties. Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction of C.cranata peel (CCP) extract was used in the study to evaluate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects in BV-2 microglial cells. Cell viability was performed by 3-(4, 5dimet...

In their recent article, Kristian Ängeby et al. (4) reported a novel test for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, it should be clarified that this method was previously published in 1989 (3) by Emil Kalfin, (National Institute for Lung Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria) and Andreas Engibarov (National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria). It is n...

We show interesting relations between extremal partition functions of a family of conformal field theories and dimensions of the irreducible representations of the Fischer-Griess Monster sporadic group. We argue that these relations can be interpreted as an extension of Monster moonshine.

We determined the inner products of two conformal vectors with central charge 1 2 whose τ -involutions generates S3 if none of τ -involutions are trivial. We also see that a subVA generated by such conformal vectors is a VOA with central charge 1 2 + 20 21 or 4 5 + 6 7 and has a Griess algebra of dimension three or four, respectively.

We determined the inner products of two conformal vectors with central charge 1 2 whose τ -involutions generates S3 if none of τ -involutions are trivial. We also see that a subVA generated by such conformal vectors is a VOA with central charge 1 2 + 20 21 or 4 5 + 6 7 and has a Griess algebra of dimension three or four, respectively.

Neuroinflammation is a complex innate immune response vital to the healthy function of the central nervous system (CNS). Under normal conditions, an intricate network of inducers, detectors, and activators rapidly responds to neuron damage, infection or other immune infractions. This inflammation of immune cells is intimately associated with the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders, such as...

PURPOSE To elucidate the inhibitory effect of minocycline and sulforaphane on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced retinal microglial activation and the mechanisms through which they exerted their inhibitory effects. METHODS Primary retinal microglial cultures were exposed to LPS with or without minocycline and sulforaphane. The mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macr...