Tunnelling in urban areas is growing response to efficient transportation, many tunnels are constructed soft ground at shallow depths. Urban usually as twin-parallel and their adjacent constructions may cause settlements that distort damage the existing structures utilities above tunnel. In past few decades, tunnel boring machines have been used drill increasingly difficult geotechnical conditi...

Due to the complexity of natural ground condition, consolidation settlement is usually difficult to predict. In this study, a Pareto multi-objective optimization based back analysis method for consolidation settlement is presented in this study. The model is a coupled flow and deformation model for unsaturated soil foundation which is implemented in the interactive multiphysics software environ...

The significant objective of this paper is to describe how Cellular Automata (CA) can be used to predict land use land change in the settlement growth and show the advantage of integrating the Neural Network with CA. Cellular automata have been utilized as a prediction technique in the study of an impressively wide range of dynamic phenomena. A spatial simulation model comprises an assortment o...

Advances in remote sensing and space-based imaging have led to an increased understanding of past settlements and landscape use, but – until now – the images in tropical regions have not been detailed enough to provide datasets that permitted the computation of digital elevation models for heavily forested and hilly terrain. The application of airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) remote...

The great medieval settlement of Angkor in Cambodia [9th-16th centuries Common Era (CE)] has for many years been understood as a "hydraulic city," an urban complex defined, sustained, and ultimately overwhelmed by a complex water management network. Since the 1980s that view has been disputed, but the debate has remained unresolved because of insufficient data on the landscape beyond the great ...