Spanish ship Santa María ground to a halt on a coral reef off the coast of an island known to its Taíno inhabitants as Ayiti. The loss of don Cristóbal Colón’s flagship forced him to leave a contingent of thirty-nine crewmembers behind to construct a fortified settlement they dubbed Villa de la Navidad, while the admiral and the rest of his fleet departed to report to their sovereign patrons in...

Ground settlement due to the shallow tunneling in urban areas can have considerable implications for aboveground civilinfrastructures. Engineering geological characteristics of the tunnel host ground including geotechnical parameters of surrounding soil,groundwater situation, and in situ stress condition are amongst the most important factors affecting settlement. In this research, groundsettle...

s: We conducted field surveys to monitor the population dynamics of short-neck clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in Hichirippu Lagoon, in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, focussing on the negative impact of extremely low temperatures during the winter on juveniles in the post-settlement period. The clam population had a short annual breeding season between September and November. The newly settled juvenil...

To study the influence of shield excavation on surrounding soil, and to control subway tunnel surface settlement deformation buildings, it is necessary additional stress soil caused by law settlement. Combined with a construction project tunnel, this article uses Mindlin solution in elastic mechanics obtain three-dimensional calculation formulas for thrust cutter head displacement field frictio...