HA-1 Chinese hamster fibroblasts and two heat-resistant variants, designated 2242 and 3012. have been investigated to determine the role that glutathione (GSH) plays in intrinsic cellular resistance to heat and in the development of thermotolerance. The constitutive levels of GSH did not correlate with intrinsic heat sensitivities, but depletion of GSH sensitized all three cell lines to thermal...

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) affects many biological functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and angiogenesis in various cells. We investigated the in vitro effects of ATO as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator or a glutathione (GSH) depletor on apoptosis in HeLa cells. ATO decreased the viability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of approximately 5-...

We investigated the effect of daunorubicin on glutathione content and activity of GSH-related enzymes in cultured normal and diabetic human fibroblasts. Cells were incubated with 4 microM daunorubicin (DNR) for 2 h followed by culture in drug-free medium for up to 72 h. Treatment of diabetic cells with the drug caused a time-dependent depletion of intracellular GSH and a decrease of the GSH to ...

A depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) has been observed in pathological conditions and in aging. Measuring GSH in tissues using mouse models is an excellent way to assess GSH depletion and the potential therapeutic efficacy of drugs used to maintain and/or restore cellular redox potential. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of GSH and cy...

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but at high dose it leads to undesirable side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of DDM-GSH, a mixture of L-cysteine, L-methionine, and L-serine in a weight ratio of 2 : 1 : 1, in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC), against acetaminophen- (APAP-) ind...

HA-1 Chinese hamster fibroblasts and two heat-resistant variants, designated 2242 and 3012, have been investigated to determine the role that glutathione (GSH) plays in intrinsic cellular resistance to heat and in the development of therntotolerance. The constitutive levels of GSH did not correlate with intrinsic heat sensitivities, but depletion of GSH sensitized all three cell lines to therma...

In mature erythrocytes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) yield NADPH, a crucial cofactor of the enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) converting glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into its reduced state (GSH). GSH is essential for detoxification processes in and survival of erythrocytes. We explored whether the anti-inflammatory compounds Bay 11-7082,...

The mechanism of selective and age-dependent motor neuron degeneration in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has not been defined and the role of glutathione (GSH) in association with motor neuron death remains largely unknown. A motor neuron-like cell culture system and a transgenic mouse model were used to study the effect of cellular GSH alteration on motor neuron cell death. Exposure...

MG132 as a proteasome inhibitor can induce apoptotic cell death in lung cancer cells. However, little is known about the toxicological cellular effects of MG132 on normal primary lung cells. Here, we investigated the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and vitamin C (well known antioxidants) or L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; an inhibitor of GSH syn...

Oxidative stress and genomic rearrangements play a role in cancer development. l-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) induces oxidative stress in a cell by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an essential enzyme for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). We postulated that oxidative stress induced by GSH depletion might lead to genomic rearrangements, such as DNA deletions, and that...