Background Treatment options among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected children are limited as only a few Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) are approved worldwide for paediatric use. Among children, frequent changes in HAART regimen can rapidly exhaust treatment options, and information addressing this issue is scarce. Objective The aim of the study was to determine factors...

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the epidemiology of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. Global incidence of PCP has decreased and now it is prevalent in AIDS patients who do not receive HAART or are unsuccessfully treated with persistent immune depression. Moreover, the immunologic response to HAART has caused a PCP form which is included in the immu...

BACKGROUND We demonstrated that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) increases the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin (DOX) and prednisone (CHOP) in HIV-patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). To ascertain the cause of increased toxicity, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of DOX in HIV-patients with NHL treated with CHOP with and without HAART. METHODS C...

BACKGROUND Despite the benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for suppressing viral replication in HIV infection, virus persists and rebounds during treatment interruption (TI). This study explored whether HAART intensification with Remune vaccination before TI can boost HIV-1-specific immunity, leading to improved control of viremia off HAART. METHODS Ten chronically HIV-in...

Association between reduced serum alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1AT) concentration and HIV infection has been reported. The possible role of α1AT in a subset of people living with HIV who achieved control over HIV-1 disease progression without treatment has not been substantiated. We thus hypothesized that increased serum concentrations of α1AT would be associated with control of HIV disease progressio...

The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on progression of hepatic fibrosis in HIV-hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection are not well understood. Deaths from liver diseases have risen in the post-HAART era, yet some cross-sectional studies have suggested that HAART use is associated with improved fibrosis rates. In a retrospective cohort of 533 HIV mono-infected and 127 HIV/HC...

BACKGROUND Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are prevalent in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this study, three groups of subjects were investigated and the prevalence of ECG abnormalities was analysed. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on adults between November 2010 and November 2011 at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, N...

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the main causes of thyroid dysfunction and the most common autoimmune diseases in the world. An association between AITD and infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in combination with the effects of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), has been suggested by several research groups. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the...

The objective of this study was to identify psychosocial determinants of, and self-reported reasons for, HAART discontinuation among HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs). We examined correlates between sociodemographic characteristics, drug use and risk behaviors, outcome expectations, adherence self-efficacy, social support and HAART discontinuation among 160 HIV-positive participants in t...

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has reduced the number of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related deaths worldwide. This study assessed the impact of HAART on the survival and death rates of vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Data were obtained from a historic cohort of ...