As the concern for a global energy conservation and environmental protection are increased, it became more important thing to correspond with CFC depletion. Many companies have produced CFC-free refrigerators using alternatives refrigerants. Alternative refrigerants have merit such as global warming effect, but also have demerits such as lower efficiency, miscibility, increasing noise and poor ...

Modern lifestyle, industrialization and economy thrive on energy which is getting expensive overtime. Thermosyphon based systems are getting attraction for their promising heat transfer efficiency and zero energy utilization. Refrigerants having ozone depletion potential (ODP) and high Global Warming Potential (GWP) have been banned or under time bared permission under Montreal (1987) and Kyoto...

In residential heat pump systems, the motivation for secondary loop systems is to allow for the use of flammable or toxic refrigerants with lower global warming potentials than the currently employed HFC refrigerants. The addition of radiant panels as integral building components (embedded in concrete at construction or attached to the underside of wood flooring) is becoming more common. Combin...

In the present study, the flow boiling heat transfer of R1234ze(E), R32 and zeotropic mixture R1234ze(E)/R32 (50/50 mass%) in a horizontal micro-fin tube is experimentally investigated to clarify the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics. Tested micro-fin tube is made of copper, and its geometry is as follows, 6.00 mm in outer diameter, 5.21 mm in mean inside diameter, 0.26 mm in fin ...

Micrococcus luteus strain NDB3Y10, which utilizes 1,2-dichloroethane as a carbon source, was isolated from a bore well that produces coal seam gas. The draft genome size of the strain was 2.49 Mb with a G+C content of 72.97%. Genes involved in the metabolism of halogenated substrates, including halogenated hydrocarbons, were identified.

Treatment of rats with phenobarbital, which stimulates the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver, potentiates hepatic necrosis elicited by bromobenzene and a number of other chemically inert halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Radioautographic studies indicate that [(14)C]bromobenzene is covalently bound at the sites of necrosis. From these results, it is inferred that the hepat...

To provide additional evidence that several halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) found in environmental samples are natural and not industrially produced, we analyzed an archived whale oil sample collected in 1921 from the last voyage of the whaling ship Charles W. Morgan. This sample, which pre-dates large-scale industrial manufacture of HOCs, contained two methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl...

Diatoms are known to produce a variety of halogenated compounds, which were recently shown to have a role in allelopathic interactions between competing species. The production of these compounds is linked to haloperoxidase activity. This research, has shown that this system may also be involved in diatom-bacteria interactions via the H2O2 dependent inactivation of a type of quorum sensing (QS)...

In this review we discuss the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by microorganisms, emphasizing the physiological, biochemical, and genetic basis of the biodegradation of aliphatic, aromatic, and polycyclic compounds. Many environmentally important xenobiotics are halogenated, especially chlorinated. These compounds are manufactured and used as pesticides, plasticizers, paint and printing-...

As one of the earliest natural refrigerants, CO2 has a lot of unique advantages, such as zero ODP, negligible GWP, excellent heat transfer coefficient, high volumetric capacity, non-toxicity, non-flammability, and cost effectiveness. Since it was proposed to applying in the mobile air-conditioning, the transcritical CO2 cycle has been attracting great attentions to replace CFC and HCFC refriger...