professor jean yoyotte, one of the most prominent french egyptologists, holds that perhaps unlike what the egyptians themselves maintain, the fountainhead of everything is not in egypt; yet one has to agree that circa 3000 bc, egypt was indeed much more advanced than its neighboring states. indelible relics, architectural masterpieces, and works of art remaining from that era have reached us th...

Egypt and Cuba are both lower-middle income countries with a history of socialist rule, which have embarked on economic liberalization since the 1990s. Cuba has achieved exemplary health status whereas health status in Egypt is lower than could be expected for its level of income. In this article, health care financing mechanisms in both countries are analysed on their effectiveness, efficiency...

Figure 1 Figure 2 Citrus fruits are traditional agricultural products in Egypt. Citrus volkameriana is the best rootstock for growing citrus in Egypt’s desert areas (newly reclaimed land). It is far superior to other rootstocks used in Egypt in its resistance to Citrus tristeza virus as well as its tolerance to drought. Constraints to fruit production are mainly related to tree decline caused b...

The Cecidomyiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) fauna of Egypt is poorly known. Investigations in northern Egypt in 2013 revealed the presence of seven species of gall midges on three host plant species: Atriplex halimus L., Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) and Suaeda pruniosa Lange (all Chenopodiaceae). Among the gall midges, Baldratia salicorniae  Kieffer and Stefaniella trinacriae De Stefani a...

The Egyptian state was formed prior to the existence of verifiable historical records. Conventional dates for its formation are based on the relative ordering of artefacts. This approach is no longer considered sufficient for cogent historical analysis. Here, we produce an absolute chronology for Early Egypt by combining radiocarbon and archaeological evidence within a Bayesian paradigm. Our da...

1 King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2 Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Beni-Suef, Egypt 3 Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Giza, Egypt 4 King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 5 Cankaya...

para-veterinarians are professionals in having a liaise between veterinary doctors and livestock owners beside their ability to achieve some of the veterinarians activity such as collecting information about sick animals, using thermometer, using needles and syringes, calculating, diluting and using antiseptic, knowledge about live and inactive vaccines, oral treatment of animals, herbal medici...

1National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt. 2Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. 3Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. ABSTRACT Treatment failure is a serious problem facing some national tuberculosis (TB) control programmes. Irregularity of treatment is a f...

This study presents the results of a questionnaire survey that was conducted among a selected sample of large-size contractors operating in Egypt, as well as a comparison of the safety approaches in both the United States and Egypt. The results revealed that safety programs applied by large-size contractors in Egypt were less formal than those applied by their American counterparts. Only a few ...