BACKGROUND Evidence shows that smokers are generally misinformed about the relative harmfulness of nicotine, and smokeless forms of nicotine delivery in relation to smoked tobacco. This study explores changing trends in the beliefs about the harmfulness and use of stop smoking medications and smokeless tobacco in adult smokers in four countries where public education and access to alternative f...

Prostate cancer is the most common in men Poland. The choice of treatment method depends on many factors, including stage disease, patient's age, life expectancy, presence comorbidities and general condition patient. Hormone therapy one basic methods prostate treatment, both adjuvant palliative treatment. Castration-resistant an incurable disease. However, introduction new hormonal drugs to sig...

Aphids are often present in apple orchards Serbia. They represent a significant group of pests for which insecticides regularly used. The most important species are: Aphis pomi, spiraecola, Dysaphis devecta, plantaginea, spp., Rhopalosiphum insertum and Eriosoma lanigerum. paper provides basic data on the development aphids their morphology, biology, distribution harmfulness plants. A identific...

A field experiment was carried out on broad beans (Vicia faba L.) to investigate the abundance of pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus L.), as influenced by timing pest control, using insecticides. The study conducted in bean var. ‘Vertigo’, during period 2019–2020. included six spray regimes, well an untreated control. Yellow water traps were used monitor occurrence from start germination until ha...

Studies on fungicides’ effect new varieties and lines of winter triticum-wheatgrass hybrids triticale were conducted in the conditions Central zone Russian Federation. The results showed that preparations Alto Super, CE Falcon, effectively cope with suppression brown leaf rust dosages recommended by manufacturers. They allow to reduce prevalence 15.2-35.6%, development degree disease - 9.9-18.0...

We analyze the consequences of portfolio compression for systemic risk. Portfolio is a post-trade netting mechanism that reduces gross positions while keeping net unchanged and it part financial legislation in United States (Dodd–Frank Act) Europe (European Market Infrastructure Regulation). derive necessary structural conditions to be harmful discuss policy implications. show any potential har...