The yield estimation models on a regional scale are generally constrained by the lack of spatially distributed information on major environmental. The utilization of remote sensing data with various spatial and temporal resolutions can settle this problem. The NDVI, which retrieved from satellite remote sensing, was adopted to forecast winter wheat yields in this paper. There are two key steps ...

BACKGROUND Autogenous Iliac Crest Bone Graft (ICBG) has been the "gold standard" for spinal fusion. However, bone graft harvest may lead to complications, such as chronic pain, numbness, and poor cosmesis. The long-term impact of these complications on patient function and well-being has not been established but is critical in determining the value of expensive bone graft substitutes such as re...