greater levels of complexity in tunnelling with tunnel boring machine (tbm) allow higher chances of failures that may increase the potential hazardous risks. this paper presents the results of a study on tbm reliability using risk analysis. machinery failure mode and effect analysis was applied to analyze the risks of a tbm using qs9000 and sae.j1739 recommendations. for this purpose, 48 failur...

a study on natural radioactivity in virgin and agricultural soil samples collected from sungai petani was conducted using high-purity germanium. the mean activity concentrations of 226ra, 232th, and 40k in virgin soils were 51.06±5.83, 78.44±6.42, and 125.66±7.26 bq kg−1, respectively, while those in agricultural soils were 80.63±5.78, 116.87±7.87, and 200.66±18.24 bq kg−1, respectively. the co...

1) quantile points at the selected times, S, corresponding to the expected probability and ± 1 SD (Table 1). The standard error in P rapidly decreases with increasing time after the mainshock due to the inclusion of current data. For example, at S = 1 day after the mainshock, the ± 1 SD range about the generic 1-day interval probability (0.052) is 0.034 to 0.075 (Table 1). Rydelek suggests esti...