The digital PWM modulator circuit is capable of varying the duty cycle of the output (PWM) according to the digital input word. A digitally controlled current starved pulse width modulator is described. The current from the power grid to the ring oscillator is controlled by a header circuit. By changing the header current, the pulse width of the switching signal generated at the output of the r...

Under the Optonanogen project (EU contract IST-2001-37239), a novel biosensor has been developed, which incorporates a disposable acrylic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) fluidic header. This header is designed to deliver a sample to a series of chemically primed cantilevers where hybridization of target DNA sequences and resulting deflection of the cantilevers is detected optically. Two different...

While many object-oriented languages impose space overhead of only one word per object to support features like virtual method dispatch, Java’s richer functionality has led to implementations that require two or three header words per object. This space overhead increases memory usage and attendant garbage collection costs, reduces cache locality, and constrains programmers who might naturally ...

6LoWPAN defines how to carry IPv6 packets over IEEE 802.15.4 low power wireless or sensor networks. Limited bandwidth, memory and energy resources require a careful application of IPv6 in a LoWPAN. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines a maximum frame size of 127 bytes that decreases to 102 bytes considering the header overhead. A further reduction is due to the security, network and transport pro...

This paper describes an experimental protocol based packet header anomaly detector for Network and Host Intrusion Detection System modelling which analyses the behaviour of packet header field values based on its layer 2, 3 and 4 protocol fields of the ISO OSI Seven Layer Model for Networking. Our model which we call as Protocol based Packet Header Anomaly Detector (PbPHAD) Intrusion Detection ...

In this paper, we present an implementation of CLNP ground-to-ground packet processing for ATN in Linux kernel version 2.6. We present the big picture of CLNP packet processing, the details of input, routing, and output processing functions, and the implementation of each function based on ISO 84731. The functions implemented in this work are PDU header decomposition, header format analysis, he...

In this paper, a novel header extraction scheme based on semiconductor ring laser is proposed and simulated for the proof of principle. This to be used in all-optical packet switching networks which can extract return-to-zero (RZ) modulation data packets with variable header/payload length intensive spacing. Simulations numerical analysis 3-byte 128-byte payload show that structure headers more...

By default, message header field parameters in Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) messages cannot carry characters outside the ISO8859-1 character set. RFC 2231 defines an encoding mechanism for use in Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) headers. This document specifies an encoding suitable for use in HTTP header fields that is compatible with a profile of the encoding defined in RFC 2...

1. Status of the Memo This RFC proposes an elective experimental Encoding header field to permit the mailing of multi-part, multi-structured messages. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. 2. Introduction RFC 822 [2] defines an electronic mail message to consist of two parts, the message header and the message body, separated by an apparently blank line. The Encoding header field permits the ...