The security of smart card based electronic cash have been receiving significant attention recently. However, there has been little systematic analysis or quantification of the impact of the security break on the smart card based electronic cash economy. This paper discusses the assessment of threats in two phases using two different methodologies. The first is the assessment of overall threat ...

Ž . MasterCard International and VISA International recently proposed the Secure Electronic Transaction SET protocol. Constrained by being an extension of the existing card payment networks to the Internet, SET does not satisfy the concern about privacy infringement, in particular, caused by data aggregation. This paper revises SET, guided by the principle of information segregation and hiding....

To provide card holder authentication while they are conducting an electronic transaction using mobile devices, VISA and MasterCard independently proposed two electronic payment protocols: Visa 3D Secure and MasterCard Secure Code. The protocols use pre-registered passwords to provide card holder authentication and Secure Socket Layer/ Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) for data confidentiality...

purpose : design and establishment of persian near reading card for clinical use and practice methods : at first, card dimension, word and character size and specifications were calculated. then, english near reading card, richmond product inc, was considered as a template. context and syntax contribute to reading accuracy and efficacy of the richmond card was considered for designed persian ca...

Multi-Application Smart Cards are becoming more prevalent in society as the need to secure electronic transactions increases for both e-commerce and identity verification purposes. This paper studies two Multi-Application Smart Cards and their Operating Systems, namely the MULTOS Card and the Sun Java Card. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the efficacy of the mechanisms used to ve...

from historical banking and telecommunication applications to electronic passports, electronic IDs, anti-counterfeiting devices, smartgrid applications, and more. The security requirements for most of these applications are crucial and evolving. In addition, more and more sophisticated attacks are being developed every day. As a result, design of Smart Card ICs is a growing challenge. This pape...

Clinical documentation and health information portability pose unique challenges in urban and rural areas of India. This article presents findings of a pilot study conducted in a primary health center in rural India. In this article, we focus on primary care in rural India and how a portable health record system could facilitate the availability of medical information at the point of care. We f...

This research responds to the call for more research on the conceptualization and measurement of socio-economic status that moves beyond merely considering education, occupation and income variables. Credit card usage and credit card debt is a growing phenomenon in developed countries. Using data from a 1997 representative sample of more than 900 adults in Ohio, we explored how credit card debt...