This study proposes an unsupervised framework for classifying heart sound data. Its goal is to cluster unknown heart sound recordings, such that each cluster contains sound recordings belonging to the same heart diseases or normal heart beat category. The proposed framework is more flexible than the conventional supervised classification of heart sounds by the case when heart sound data belong ...

THE MECHANISM OF HEMODYNAMICS on the venous side of circulation has a fundamental uncertain issue: the mechanisms of the venous blood return into the heart and beat-to-beat atrial and ventricular refill are unclear. Commonly acknowledged factors, such as skeletal and smooth muscle contractions, thoracic suction, one-way valves in the limb veins, gravity, diastolic suction (6, 7, 11), cannot be ...

This paper examines the importance of the calcium-mobilizing inositol phosphate pathway in mediating the effects of FMRFamide and its gene-related neuropeptides on the myogenic heart beat of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. These peptides are encoded on a single exon of the FMRFamide gene and mediate diverse physiological effects in the isolated heart. The rate of production of inositol-1,4, 5...